两种悬起灸动态温度及热场分布的研究

Study on Dynamic Temperature and Thermal Field Distribution of Two Kinds of Suspended Moxibustion

目的 研究悬起灸在穴位处的动态温度变化、影响温度的因素以及热场分布特点。方法 在有限元仿真软件COMSOL中建立两种悬起灸传热模型,模拟温和灸和雀啄灸两种施灸动作,并在足三里穴进行艾灸实验,与仿真模型的温度特征进行对比验证,再通过仿真模型分析三维热场分布。结果 温和灸、雀啄灸在足三里处首次达到40℃的平均时间分别为1.75 min和2.55 min,在自然冷却10 min后,穴位中心点平均温度比初始皮肤温度高约2℃-3℃;当施灸距离减小或保持不变,穴位中心点温度会持续升高,当增大施灸距离时,穴位处温度会逐渐降低;两种悬起灸所形成的热场,以穴位处为中心,呈梯度衰减同心圆分布,但实验组热场会沿动脉血流方向扩展,另外从仿真组可以观察到冷却10 min后,穴位组织中的热场呈圆锥式的形状分布。结论 两种悬起灸方法会产生不同的温热刺激,雀啄灸对皮肤的温热刺激比温和灸更大;在保证艾条末端温度、艾灸方法等因素一致的情况下,施灸距离是影响穴位温度变化的直接因素;温和灸和雀啄灸形成的热场是相似的同心圆分布,且热量会渗透表皮组织并在皮下组织累积形成热场。

Objective To study the dynamic temperature changes, the factors affecting temperature and the distribution characteristics of heat field of suspended moxibustion at acupoints. Methods Two kinds of heat transfer models of suspended moxibustion were established in the finite element simulation software COMSOL, and the two moxibustion actions of mild moxibustion and bird pecking moxibustion were simulated. The moxibustion experiment was carried out at Zusanli point, which was compared with the temperature characteristics of the simulation model, and then the three-dimensional thermal field distribution was analyzed through the simulation model. Results The average time for mild moxibustion and bird pecking moxibustion to reach 40℃ at Zusanli for the first time was 1.75 min and 2.55 min respectively. After natural cooling for 10 min, the average temperature at the center of the acupoint was about 2℃-3℃higher than the initial skin temperature;When the moxibustion distance decreases or remains unchanged, the temperature at the central point of the acupoint will continue to increase. When the moxibustion distance increases, the temperature at the acupoint will gradually decrease;The thermal field formed by the two kinds of hanging moxibustion,centered on the acupoint, is distributed in a gradient attenuation concentric circle, but the thermal field in the experimental group will expand along the direction of arterial blood flow. In addition, it can be observed from the simulation group that the thermal field in the acupoint tissue is distributed in a conical shape after cooling for 10 min.Conclusion The two methods of hanging moxibustion can produce different warm stimulation. The warm stimulation of bird pecking moxibustion is greater than that of mild moxibustion;Under the condition that the temperature at the end of the moxa stick and the method of moxibustion are consistent, the distance of moxibustion is the direct factor affecting the change of acupoint temperature;The heat field formed by mild moxibustion and bird pecking moxibustion is similar concentric distribution, and the heat will penetrate the epidermal tissue and accumulate in the subcutaneous tissue to form a heat field.