“流散”的词义辨析及其研究理论变迁

Analysis of the Meaning of“Diaspora”and the Evolution of Its Research Theory

“流散”研究大致经历了三个阶段的历史嬗变,古典阶段“流散”一词具有神学内涵,主要指《旧约》中的犹太人流散和《新约》中的基督徒流散;20世纪后该词开始现代转向,逐渐发展成为人文社科领域中的一个概念,用来指称某一族裔群体自愿或被迫地离开故土,分散迁移到其他地方的经历;20世纪90年代流散研究成为一个专业领域,向系统化、学科化和理论化的道路迈进。当代流散理论主要分为两大派系:一派理论家以“根源”为导向,强调起源和回归的单一目的论;另一派理论家以“路径”为导向,强调流散经验的多元场景、动态变化和去领土化特征。历史源流的追溯和理论话语的阐发,可以廓清当下流散研究的内涵和外延,促进研究者对于流散问题的全面把握。

Reviewing the historical evolution of the term“diaspora”,three main periods can be identified:the word“diaspora”had theological implications during ancient times which was mainly referred to the Jewish diaspora in the Old Testament and the Christian diaspora in the New Testament;after the 20th century,the term“diaspora”began to take a modern shift and gradually developed as a concept in the field of humanities and social sciences which can be used to refer to the experience of ethnic groups leaving their homeland voluntarily or forcibly,dispersing and migrating to other places;in the 1990s,diaspora studies became a professional field towards systematization,disciplinization and theorization.Contemporary diaspora theories are mainly divided into two schools.One school is oriented to the“roots”and emphasizes the single teleology of origin and return;the other school is oriented to the“routes”and emphasizes the multiple situations,dynamic relocation and deterritorialized features.This paper traces back to the historical origin,elucidates theoretical discourse,clarifies the connotation and extension of current diaspora studies and promotes a comprehensive understanding of diaspora issues.