技艺自信:民族手工艺传承创新体系与模式———基于武陵山地区10个区县的调查

Skill Confidence in Craftsmanship:Inheritance-innovation System and Model of Ethnic Handicrafts:Based on the Survey of 10 Districts and Counties in Wuling Mountain Area

根据创新驱动力、创新主客体、创新路径、创新目标、创新要素构建民族手工艺传承创新体系。在此基础上,根据对武陵山区10个区县的深入调查,分析民族手工艺传承创新的实践模式。结果表明,武陵山区初步形成了以土家织锦为代表的“政府引导+大众参与”传承创新模式、以苗族刺绣为代表的“生产性保护+精准扶贫”传承创新模式、以苗族银饰为代表的“工艺至上+业态驱动”传承创新模式。其主要经验有三:一是政府有形之手与市场无形之手并驾齐驱;二是业界精英帮扶和乡民免费培训双管齐下;三是技术标准推动和科技融入推动齐头并进。由此提出三点建议:一是将工匠精神融入到民族手工艺传承创新的业态链中去;二是将生计扶持和文化振兴融入民族手工艺的传承创新中去;三是将开放包容理念融入民族手工艺的生产性保护实践中去。

National handicrafts are an important part of China’s traditional culture.It is critical to build an inheritance-innovative system of national handicrafts based on the factors of innovative driving force,subject and object of innovation,path of innovation,goal of innovation,and elements of innovation.Based on in-depth investigation of 10 districts and counties in Wuling area,this paper analyzes its mode of practice of inheritance and innovation of national handicrafts.It is found that three innovative modes of“government guidance+public participation”,“productive protection+targeted poverty alleviation”,and“process first+format driven”have been formed in Wuling area.Three main lessons can be drawn from this case study:the visible hand of the government is combined with the invisible hand of the market;assistance of industry elites is utilized together with free training for villagers;and the promotion of technical standards and the integration of science and technology go hand in hand.Finally,three suggestions are put forward:to integrate the craftsman spirit into the business chain;to integrate livelihood support and cultural revitalization into inheritance and innovation;and to integrate the concept of openness and inclusiveness into the practice of productive protection.