人类学的价值理论与文化遗产的价值——基于行动与时空的视角

Theory of Value in Anthropology and the Value of Cultural Heritage:From Perspectives of Action and Spacetime

在人类学的价值理论看来,如果一项行动能够在更为广阔的时空范围内扩展自我与他人的关系,那么这项行动就具有更高价值。按照这一视角,文化遗产的价值与货币所体现的经济价值属于不同价值范畴,它们因时空扩展的不同方向被赋予了不同价值形态。货币的价值在于其空间扩展能力,而文化遗产的价值在于其时间扩展能力。文化遗产将个体“此时此地”的存在与“前人的社会世界”以及“后人的社会世界”联系在一起。这种时间意义上行动能力的扩展是以不同层次的共同体为单位的,在最高层次上体现了“人类命运共同体意识”的自觉。

According to the value theory of anthropology,if an action can expand the self-other relationship in a broader space-time range,then it will get higher value.From this perspective,cultural heritage and the economic value of money belong to different value categories,and they are endowed with different value forms due to different directions of space-time expansion.The value of money lies in its space-oriented ability,while the value of cultural heritage lies in its time-oriented ability.Cultural heritage connects the existence of“here and now”with“the world of predecessors”and“the world of posterity.”This time-oriented influence of action is often based on different levels of community.At the highest level,cultural heritage embodies the consciousness of“a community with a shared future for all mankind.”