陶渊明诗文中的园林思想——基于园林建造视角下的“园田居”特征分析

“Pastoral”Garden Thoughts of Tao Yuan-ming:Analysis of Characteristics of“Garden Residence”from the Perspective of Garden Architecture

陶渊明归隐后,栖居于“园田居”,用琴书、诗酒、菊柳以及躬耕生活等,精心营造了一个富有诗意的田园世界,进而开辟出一种全新的园林类型——田园式园林。陶渊明以自然适性作为园林建造的总体思想,以自由和谐作为园林建造的总体布局理念,将园林作为精神上安贫守志的理想之所,生活中超脱世俗的理想家园。陶渊明本无意于园林,非园林理论家,却在现实生活中化山水为田园,用田园理想赋予了园林诗意的温暖,经营出一个为后世所仰慕的“园田居”,可谓造园之实践高手。“园田居”是陶渊明在现实生活中经营的园林居所,而“桃花源”则是其寄托理想之虚拟世界,二者共同构成了陶渊明“田园式”的园林思想。

After Tao Yuan-ming retired to seclusion,he lived in the“Yuan Tian House”.He used qin,books,poetry,wine,chrysanthemum,willows and cultivation to create a poetic and idyllic world,and then created a new type of garden:Pastoral Garden.Tao Yuan-ming’s Idyllic Garden,with natural adaptability as the overall idea of garden construction,with freedom and harmony as the overall layout concept of garden construction,the garden as the ideal place for spiritual peace and poverty,an ideal home away from the mundane in life.Tao Yuan-ming had no intention of gardens,not garden theorists,but in real life into the pastoral landscape,with the pastoral ideal to give the warmth of the garden poetry,running a future for the admiration of the“Yuan Tian House”,can be called a master gardener.“Yuan Tian House”is Tao Yuan-ming’s garden house in real life,and“peach blossom land”is his ideal virtual world.