轻量化背景下改性塑料在汽车上的应用

Application of Modified Plastics in Automobile under Light Weight Background

轻量化是汽车实现节能减排的有效途径,对汽车工业和人类的可持续发展有着重要意义。改性塑料作为关键的轻量化非金属材料,近年来在汽车上的用量快速攀升,并呈现出“以塑代钢”的趋势。笔者介绍了改性塑料在汽车上应用的概况,重点总结了聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)等三种改性多样、应用丰富的典型车用塑料。并在此基础上,指出了PP“三高一低”改性,PA高流动性、高耐热、无卤阻燃改性,ABS抗菌、防静电、低噪音改性的车用发展方向。最后,说明了改性聚氨酯(PUR)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚甲醛(POM)的特殊车用,并对生物可降解改性塑料在汽车上的应用进行了展望。

Lightweight is an effective way to achieve energy saving and emission reduction of automobile,which is of great significance to the sustainable development of automobile industry and human beings.As a key lightweight non-metallic material,the amount of modified plastics in automobiles has increased rapidly in recent years,and presents a trend of"plastic instead of steel".This paper introduces the general situation of the application of modified plastics in automobiles,focusing on three kinds of typical automotive plastics with various modification and rich application,such as polypropylene(PP),polyamide(PA)and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer(ABS).And on this basis,pointed out the PP"three high and one low"modification,PA high fluidity,high heat resistance,halogen-free flame retardant modification,ABS antibacterial,anti-static,low noise modification of vehicle development direction.Finally,the modification of polyurethane(PUR),polycarbonate(PC),polyethylene(PE)and polyformaldehyde(POM)for special automotive applications are described,and the application of biodegradable modified plastics in automotive is prospected.