结果枝管理方式对阳光玫瑰葡萄果实品质的影响

Effects of bearing-branch management on fruit quality of Shine Muscat grape

【目的】探讨结果枝不同管理方式对阳光玫瑰葡萄果实品质的影响,为阳光玫瑰葡萄结果枝管理提供一定的技术参考。【方法】以阳光玫瑰葡萄为试验材料,夏季结果枝管理设计果穗以上留7~8片功能叶,副梢分别留0、1、2片叶,结果枝反复摘心;果穗上副梢分别留0、1、2片叶,结果枝顶端不摘心共6个处理,对果实成熟期单果质量、纵横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、固酸比以及香气组分、含量进行分析。【结果】各处理组的果实醛类物质含量和酮类物质含量无显著差异,且无论结果枝摘心与否,副梢留2片叶的管理方式均对果实品质提升不显著。J1组处理(结果枝反复摘心,副梢留1片叶摘心)和J0组处理(结果枝反复摘心,副梢不留叶)能够提高果实的单果质量、横径、可溶性糖含量。J0组处理的香气物质种类和总含量最高,醇类、萜烯类含量也高于其他处理,对果实香气成分提高最显著。【结论】果穗以上留7~8叶,结果枝反复摘心,副梢不留叶处理有利于改善果实香气,保持葡萄良好品质。

【Objective】Bearing-branch management is a key cultivation strategy to increase fruit quality through regulating the balance between nutritional and reproductive development by improving the ventilation and lighting conditions.However,there are no established guidelines for bearing-branch management of Shine Muscat grape.In this work,the impact of various branch management techniques on the fruit quality of Shine Muscat grape was investigated.【Methods】There were six treatments,including CK group:7-8 leaves were retained above the fruit ears,the leaves at the top of the bearing branch were repeatedly taken off and 2 leaves were left on the lateral shoot after pinching;J0:7-8 leaves were retained above the fruit ears with repeatedly pinching of bearing branch,and no leaves was left on the lateral shoot;J1:7-8 leaves were retained above the fruit ears,the leaves on the top of the bearing branch were repeatedly pinched and 1 leaf was left on the lateral shoot;X0:no leaves were left on the lateral shoot with no pinching of bearing branch;X1:no pinching of bearing branch and 1 leaf was left on the lateral shoot;X2:no pinching of bearing branch and 2 leaves was left on the lateral shoot.The fruit weight,vertical diameter,transverse diameter,soluble solids,soluble sugar content,titratable acid,ratio of soluble solids/acid and aroma components of the berries with different treatments were measured.3 parallel trees were selected for each treatment.【Results】The fruit transverse diameter,soluble solids content,soluble sugar content and ratio of soluble solids/acid could all be dramatically increased by the treatment,that is,7-8 leaves were retained above the fruit ears,the leaves on the top of the bearing branch(J1)were repeatedly pinched and 1 leaf was left on the lateral shoot.The bearing branches had higher fruit weights,transverse diameter,and ratio of soluble solids/acid than the bearing branches with long-release treatment.It was possible that bearing branches pinching facilitated the concentration of the photosynthetic products of the leaves,while the bearing branches with long-release treatment had two growth centers,and the competition for nutrients weakened fruit growth.Regardless of whether the bearing branches were plucked or long-released,the treatment of 2 leaves on the lateral shoots had the lowest fruit weight,transverse diameter,and soluble sugar content,whereas the treatment with 1 leaf on the lateral shoots had the greatest.The content of hexanal and 2-hexenal was the highest among the aldehydes,and the content of hexanol was the highest among the alcohols,while the content of ketones,esters and terpenes were less,indicating that the aroma substances in each treatment mainly consisted of aldehydes and alcohols.The J0 group had 9 different forms of aldehydes,with 2-hexenal and N-hexenal being the two most prevalent varieties.The total ester content of J0,J1,X1 and X2 treatments were much higher than that of the CK and X0 groups.The X0 group treatment had the greatest overall ketone content.The J0 treatment had dominances in the kinds and overall content of fragrance compounds.The six treatments were separated into two clusters according to cluster analysis:one for J0,J1,X1 and X2 and another for CK and X0.The J0 treatment had higher content of alcohols and terpenoids such as linalool,(+)-α-terpineol and trans-2-hexenol than the other treatments.The X1 group treatment had higher aldehydes including hexanal,2-hexenal than the other treatments.The X2 group treatment had more esters and N-hexenol than the other treatments.The J1 and CK were ranged at number four,followed by the X0 treatment,which had the lowest content of chemicals.The effects of each resulting branch treatment on aroma components were J0>X1>X2>J1,CK>X0 in order【Conclusion】The treatments of J1 and J0 could maximize the fruit weight,transverse diameter and soluble sugar content.The types and total contents of aroma substances of J0 group were the highest,the contents of alcohols and terpenes of J0 group were also higher than those of the other treatments,and the aroma components of Shine Muscat grape were improved most significantly.In conclusion,7-8 leaves retained above the fruit ears with repeatedly pinching of bearing branch,and no leaves left on the lateral shoots could be regarded as the most effective method for bearing branches management in the summer to improve the comprehensive quality under the experimental conditions.