高原地区睡眠呼吸障碍特征及治疗的研究进展

Sleep-Disordered Breathing at High Altitude: Its Characteristics and Research Progress in Treatment

高原地区低压性低氧会增加睡眠呼吸障碍的发生风险。高原睡眠呼吸障碍主要是指高原人群和低海拔人群在高原地区出现的睡眠呼吸障碍,这两类人群也是目前高原睡眠呼吸障碍的研究重点。一方面,高原人群呼吸障碍的患病率和严重程度均高于低海拔人群,并且在转移到低海拔地区后会出现呼吸暂停时间的延长;另一方面,低海拔人群转移到高原地区后睡眠呼吸障碍的严重程度增加,主要以中枢型事件和低通气事件增加为主。在治疗方面,目前较多研究均发现,药物(包括乙酰唑胺和地塞米松)治疗和夜间氧疗均能改善低海拔地区人群在高原地区睡眠呼吸障碍的严重程度,但目前关于高原人群睡眠呼吸障碍治疗的研究较少,仅有研究发现夜间氧疗是可供选择的治疗措施。本文对高原睡眠呼吸障碍的研究进展进行综述,为未来进一步探讨高原人群睡眠呼吸障碍特征及治疗措施提供基础。

Hypobaric hypoxia in regions of high altitude may increase the risk of having sleep-disordered breathing(SDB). SDB at high altitude mainly refers to the SDB incurred in highlanders and lowlanders at a high altitude.At present, research on SDB at high altitude is mainly focused on these two groups of people. On the one hand,highlanders have SDB at a higher prevalence and greater severity than lowlanders do and highlanders have a prolonged duration of apnea when they travel to low-altitude regions. On the other hand, the severity of SDB increased in lowlanders when they travel to high altitude, represented mainly by an increase in central and hypopnea events. In terms of treatment, a substantial number of studies have shown that medication, including acetazolamide and dexamethasone, and nocturnal oxygen supplementation could improve SDB in lowlanders when they travel to high altitude. However, not much research has been done on the treatment of SDB in highlanders and it has only been reported that nocturnal oxygen supplementation was an available treatment option. Herein, we summarized the latest research findings on SDB at high altitude, providing the basis for further studies about the characteristics and treatments for highlanders with SDB.