短程反硝化的微生物富集策略及应用研究进展

Research progress of enrichment strategy and application of partial denitrification microorganisms

污废水的高效节能脱氮技术一直以来都是研究和应用的焦点。短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化耦合工艺因具有能耗低、产泥少、温室气体减排和脱氮效果好等优点,已成为废水脱氮领域研究和应用的热点。其中,短程反硝化被认为是厌氧氨氧化菌获取底物(NO_(2)^(-)-N)的重要途径之一,对其进行研究具有重要的科学和工程意义。基于此,综述了短程反硝化的工艺原理,总结了硫自养短程反硝化和异养短程反硝化微生物的富集方法,并探讨了短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化耦合工艺处理城市污水、高浓度氨氮废水和硝酸盐废水的工程应用。最后对短程反硝化及其耦合厌氧氨氧化工艺的研究和应用方向进行了展望,以期为短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化耦合工艺处理实际污水提供参考。

Energy-efficient nitrogen removal technology for wastewater has always been the focus of research and application. The partial denitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation(PD-Anammox) coupling process has become hotspots of research and application in the field of wastewater nitrogen removal because of its advantages of low energy consumption,low sludge production,greenhouse gas emission reduction and good denitrification effect. Among them,partial denitrification is considered as one of the important ways for anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria to obtain substrate(NO_(2)^(-)-N),and it is of great scientific and engineering significance to investigate it. Based on this,the process principle of partial denitrification was reviewed,the enrichment methods of sulfur-driven partial autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic partial denitrification microorganisms were summarized. Furthermore, the engineering applications of PD-Anammox coupling process for treating municipal wastewater,high concentration ammonia wastewater and nitrate wastewater were discussed. Finally,the research and application direction of partial denitrification and its coupled anaerobic ammonia oxidation process were prospected,providing references for the subsequent application of PD-Anammox coupling process in actual sewage treatment.