网络帮助行为刑事处罚的规范判断

The Normative Judgement about the Network Helping Behavior Criminal Punishment

网络时代下如何处理网络帮助行为的归责是理论中的核心问题。学界现有的研究方向主要集中于帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的性质之争与中立帮助行为理论的应用,但均无法真正解决网络帮助行为的归责问题。一方面,帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的性质之争未能揭露网络帮助行为作为共犯从属性原则的例外的本质;另一方面,中立帮助行为的概念及理论本身存在诸多争议。有必要转换研究思路,经由规范判断的方法论,辅之以针对网络帮助行为的事实性分类,通过多重检验规则的构建进行判断:如果帮助行为专门指向违法犯罪行为,则应从规范评价上直接肯定归责。如果帮助行为并非专门指向违法犯罪行为,则需要考察行为人对不法行为是否具有特殊认知,由此肯定归责。在反向的判断标准上,如果帮助行为符合行业规范,则应当否定归责。

How to define the punishment scope of network helping behavior is the core problem of theoretical research in the network era.The current academic direction mainly focuses on the nature of the crime of helping information network crime and the application of the theory of neutral helping behavior.On the one hand,the debate on the nature of the crime of helping information network crime fails to reveal the nature of the network helping behavior as an exception to the principle of accomplice subordination.On the other hand,there are many controversies about the concept and theory of neutral helping behavior,which also does not help to solve the problem of the penalty limit of online helping behavior.Therefore,it is necessary to change the research perspective and solve the imputation problem of network helping behavior,through the methodology of normative judgement,supplemented by the factual classification of network helping behavior,and the construction of imputation rules to standardize judgment.If the helping behavior specifically points to the illegal and criminal behavior,the responsibility should be directly attributed from the standard evaluation.If the helping behavior is not specifically directed to the illegal and criminal behavior,it is necessary to investigate whether the actor has a special cognition of the illegal behavior,from which the responsibility must be attributed.In the reverse judgment standard,if the helping behavior is in line with the industry norms,it should be negative imputation.