人工湿地去除污水中抗生素及其抗性基因研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON REMOVAL OF ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES FROM WASTEWATER BY CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

针对污水中抗生素及抗生素抗性基因的存在及潜在危害,总结了人工湿地去除污水中抗生素及其抗性基因研究的最新进展。已有研究表明:人工湿地对污水中抗生素的去除率为60%~100%,对抗生素抗性基因的去除率为10%~100%,季节、进水水质、水力停留时间、温度、pH、微生物、植物、基质等是影响人工湿地去除抗生素及其抗性基因的主要因素,微生物降解、光降解、吸附、植物吸收和植物降解是主要去除机制。人工湿地虽然可以去除抗生素及其抗性基因,但抗生素在基质的富集以及出水抗生素抗性基因丰度的增加会带来潜在风险,值得关注。新型人工湿地处理技术对抗生素及其抗性基因和传统污染物的协同去除机制,以及人工湿地各要素的去除机理和贡献、耦合生物电化学作用的人工湿地技术是未来的重要发展方向。

Antibiotic contamination and the resulting resistance genes have attracted worldwide attention because of the extensive overuse and abuse of antibiotics, which seriously affects the environment as well as human health. This paper summarizes the latest progress in the removal of antibiotics and resistance genes from wastewater by constructed wetlands. Many studies showed that the removal rate of antibiotics in sewage by constructed wetland is generally 60% to 100%, and the removal rate of antibiotic resistance genes is generally 10% to 100%. The main influence factors of the removal of antibiotics and resistance genes in constructed wetland include seasonal variation, influent quality, hydraulic retention time, temperature, pH, microorganism, plant and substrate. The constructed wetlands incorporate biodegradation, adsorption, plant uptake, hydrolysis, and photodecomposition for antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes. Although constructed wetland can remove antibiotics and resistance genes, the enrichment of antibiotics in the substrate and the increase of the abundance of effluent resistance genes will bring potential risks, which should be paid attention to. Further study should focus on the synergistic removal mechanism of antibiotics, resistance genes and traditional pollutants by constructed wetland, the removal mechanism and contribution of every part of constructed wetlands, as well as the newly constructed wetland treatment technologies coupled with bioelectrochemical systems.