西安地铁秋冬季热环境与热舒适实测分析

Field Study on Thermal Environment and Thermal Comfort of Xi’an Metro in Autumn and Winter

采用热环境实测和调查问卷相结合的方法,研究西安地铁2号线过渡季、冬季车站及轿厢热环境和热舒适情况。分析西安地铁2号线的5个典型代表车站及轿厢在秋季过渡季和供暖季(2020年9月~2021年2月)的温度变化规律。研究发现,冬季北客站地铁站的出入口和站厅平均温度分别为4.14和8.74℃,不满足《地铁设计规范》(GB 50157—2013)的要求;并得出西安地铁2号线秋季公共区域80%满意率的舒适区温度范围是15.7~22.8℃,轿厢是18.7~24.3℃,冬季公共区域80%满意率的舒适区温度范围是12.3~16.1℃。采用热感觉投票(TSV)和热损失率(HDR)相结合的方法,对地铁站热环境进行评价;对比调查问卷结果,对HDR进行修正,得到适用于西安地铁冬季热环境的评价指标。该研究可为地铁站内通风空调系统的设计和运行管理提供可靠的基础数据,有利于地铁乘客舒适热环境的营造。

This study used a combination of thermal environment measurements and a thermal comfort questionnaire to investigate the temperature variation of five representative stations and carriages of the Xi’an Metro Line 2 in autumn and winter(September 2020–February 2021). In winter, the average temperature at the entrance and the station hall of Beikezhan station was 4.14℃ and 8.74℃, respectively, which did not meet the requirements for the design of metros(GB 50157—2013).The comfort zone of the metro public area and carriages were plotted and analyzed. The temperature range of the 80% satisfaction comfort zone in the public area of Xi’an Metro Line 2 was 15.7–22.8℃ during autumn, 18.7–24.3℃ in the carriage, and 12.3–16.1℃ in the public area during winter. In this study, the thermal environment of a metro station was evaluated by using a combination of thermal sensation vote and heatdeficit rate(HDR). Based on the results of the questionnaire, the HDR was modified to obtain a thermal environment evaluation index suitable for the Xi’an metro in winter. The study provided reliable basic data for the design and operation management of ventilation and air conditioning systems in metro stations,which is conducive to the construction of a comfortable thermal environment for metro passengers.