中国国民体育锻炼行为变迁:1995-2020年

Changes of Physical Exercise Behavior in China:From 1995 to 2020

从时代、区域和城乡三维属性考察国民体育锻炼行为的变迁规律,对于回溯全民健身发展历程、精准聚焦政策发力方向具有重要意义。研究使用横断历史元分析方法,以参加体育锻炼和经常参加体育锻炼的人数比例2个口径分析我国1995—2020年国民体育锻炼行为的变迁过程。结果发现:25年间国民参加体育锻炼的人数比例平均约为44.47%,经常参加体育锻炼的人数比例平均约为29.22%,平均年增长量分别为1.45%与0.27%,国民体育锻炼参与的普及度显著提升,但体育锻炼参与的规律性仍有待加强;2008年北京奥运会和2022年北京冬奥会的成功举办对此发挥了短期促进效应,而全民健身制度化则发挥着更为稳定的长期效应;国民体育锻炼行为的省际差异梯度明显,中部省份人口的体育锻炼普及程度高于全国平均水平,经济较为发达的东部省份人口体育锻炼的规律性更强;城市居民体育锻炼参与程度始终高于农村,但全民健身计划实施后农村后发优势明显,随时间推移城乡之别呈现逐渐弥合趋势。综上,国民体育锻炼行为变迁呈现复杂的发展过程,在未来需进一步发挥全民健身计划和重大赛事的驱动效应,推动全民健身均衡发展,赋能“体育强国”建设。

Studying the changes of national physical exercise behavior from three dimensions of the times,regions,urban and rural areas is conducive to reviewing the development of national fitness and promoting policy optimization.This paper uses cross-temporal meta-analysis method to analyze the changes of physical exercise behavior in China from 1995 to 2020.In the past 25 years,the average number of people who took part in physical exercise was about 44.47%.The average number of people who regularly took part in physical exercise was about 29.22%,and the average annual growth was 1.45%and 0.27%,respectively.The Olympic Games played a short-term promoting effect on the above changes,while the national fitness program played a stable and long-term effect.The changes of national physical exercise behavior show inter-provincial differences.The proportion of physical exercise of rural residents is lower than that of cities,but the growth rate and amount are higher than those of cities.The changes of national physical exercise behavior present a complex process.In the future,it is necessary to further exert the driving effect of national fitness program and large-scale sports events to promote the balanced development of national fitness and the construction of a leading sports nation.