优秀公路自行车运动员赛前负荷特征研究——以史航备战第13届全运会为例

Research on Training Load Characteristics of Elite Cyclist in Pre—competition―Based on Shi Hang in the 13th National Games of China

目的:探究优秀公路自行车运动员的赛前训练负荷、赛后恢复安排,实现竞技状态的最佳化调控。方法:运用跟踪观察、访谈、数理统计等研究方法,以第十三届全运会冠军史航为调查对象,整个备战期分为赛前准备、赛前强化和赛前减量3个训练阶段。结果:1)赛前准备阶段共94天,总负荷量为7533.30 km,训练总课次为61次,日平均负荷量为80.14 km,课平均负荷量为123.50 km。<80%无氧阈强度负荷量最多,占总负荷量的29.48%,训练课次占到本阶段总课次的39.34%。2)赛前强化阶段共60天,负荷总量为4153.07 km,日平均量为69.22 km,总课次为41次,课平均量为101.29 km。本阶段90%~95%无氧阈强度训练课次安排最多,占总课次的36.59%,负荷量占总量的50.01%。3)赛前减量阶段总共13天,总负荷量为494.16 km,训练课次为13次,日平均负荷量、课平均负荷量均为38.01 km。结论:高比例的基础有氧耐力(<80%无氧阈强度)的保障是该项目赛前训练负荷的总体特征,负荷安排整体呈现“两极化”模式,高强度训练(90%~95%无氧阈强度)的比例在强化训练阶段有所增加,但从整体来看,无氧阈强度及以下强度的比例在3个阶段均占主导地位,另外,最后的高强度低比例安排是实现竞技状态调控的关键。

Objective:To explore the optimal pre-competition training load and the arrangements during recovery,so as to optimize the competitive state in elite athletes.Methods:The follow-up observation,interview and mathematical statistics methods were used to investigate Shi Hang,the champion of the 13th National Games,in this study.The whole preparation period was divided into preparation training stage,intensive training stage and pre-competition reduction training stage.Results:1)The pre-competition preparation training period lasted 94 days,with a total load of 7533.30 km and 61 training courses,the daily average load was 80.14 km and each course was 123.50 km.The highest proportion load was less than 80%anaerobic threshold intensity,which accounting for 29.48%of the total load,and the training courses accounted for 39.34%of the total courses at this stage.2)The intensive training period lasted for 60 days,with a total load of 4153.07 km and 41 training courses,the daily average load was 69.22 km and each course was 101.29 km.Most courses were 90%~95%anaerobic threshold intensity,which accounting for 36.59%of the total courses,and the load accounts for 50.01%of the total courses at this stage.3)The pre-competition reduction training stage lasted 13 days,the total load was 494.16 km with 13 courses,the daily and course average loads were both 38.01 km.Conclusions:The high proportion of basic aerobic endurance is the main characteristic during the pre-competition training of this sport event.The overall load arrangement presents a“polarization”mode,and the proportion of high-intensity training is greater in the intensive training stage.The proportion of anaerobic threshold intensity and below are dominant in the three stages,and the high intensity with low proportion arrangement in the final stage is the key factor in regulating competitive state.