基于SOP-FRAM模型的高校实验室爆炸事故分析

Analysis of explosion accident in university laboratory based on SOP-FRAM model

针对我国高校实验室安全管理所面临的严峻形势,运用功能共振的方法对典型实验室爆炸事故案例进行分析。为降低分析过程中的主观性,引入标准作业程序分析改进功能共振法,并对某高校“12·26”较大爆炸事故进行实例验证。首先,分析相关标准文件及实验室管理系统。其次,根据相关规定及实际情况,将事故系统划分为10个系统功能,包括实验筹备、科研项目风险评估、危化品购买等,将各功能连接后得出7条功能路径,绘制出理想功能网络图。最后,结合现场情况,进行功能共振分析,去除其中失效路径,得出实际功能网络图。结果表明:该事故发生的主要原因在于项目负责人行事违反规定,避开正常审批流程,违规开展实验;项目负责人安全意识淡薄,对实验室现场状况应对不力;涉事单位安全监管机制未发挥作用。

Aiming at the severe situation faced by the safety management of high laboratories in China,the functional resonance method is used to analyze the typical laboratory explosion accident cases.To reduce the subjectivity in the analysis process,standard operating procedure analysis was introduced to improve the existing FRAM(the Functional Resonance Analysis Method)method,and the large explosion accident of"12·26"in some university was analyzed.First,in-depth analysis of relevant standard documents and laboratory management systems was carried out.Secondly,according to the relevant regulations and the actual situation,the accident system is divided into 10 system functions,including experiment preparation,scientific research project risk assessment,hazardous chemicals purchase,etc.,and an ideal functional network diagram was drawn.Finally,combined with the on-site situation,the functional resonance analysis is carried out,and the failure path is removed,and the actual functional network diagram is obtained.The results showed that:the main reason for the accident was that the project leader acted in violation of the regulations,avoided the normal approval process,and carried out experiments in violation of regulations;the project leader had weak safety awareness and did not respond well to the laboratory situation;the safety supervision mechanism of the unit involved did not play a role.