镁基材料中储氢相及其界面与储氢性能的调控

Regulation of Hydrogen Storage Phase and Its Interface in Magnesium-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage Performance

镁基储氢材料因储氢密度高、资源丰富、环境友好等优点而备受关注,但其存在吸/放氢温度过高、反应动力学缓慢和循环稳定性差等缺点,阻碍了其大规模产业化进程。尽管镁基储氢材料在新合金体系开发、纳米调控、催化修饰、多相复合等方面取得了巨大进展,但如何获取兼具吸/放氢容量高、温度适中、反应速率快及寿命长等优良性能的镁基储氢材料仍是一个挑战。本文较为系统地总结了镁基材料中储氢相及其界面的种类,论述了其微观组织/界面特征的调控策略和方法。重点探讨了储氢相组成、微观结构及其表/界面结构调控效果对提升储氢热力学与动力学性能的影响规律与作用机制,展望了通过调控储氢相及其界面来设计镁基储氢材料的前景和发展方向。

Mg-based hydrogen storage materials have drawn a lot of attention due to the merit of high hydrogen storage density,earth-abundant resources,and environmental friendliness.However,the slow kinetics,high hydrogen absorption/desorption temperature,and poor cycling stability of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials prevent them from being used on a large scale.The developments of new alloys,nano-structure control,catalytic modification,and multiphase composites,among other things,have made significant progress in Mg-based hydrogen storage materials in recent years.However,challenges still exist,such as high hydrogen storage capacity,moderate adsorption/desorption temperature,rapid reaction rate,and long cycling life.In this review paper,the types of hydrogen storage phases and their interface in Mg-based materials,and the control methods of their microstructure/interface characteristics are systematically summarized.The mechanism of the hydrogen storage phase,microstructure,and surface/interface modifications on the improved thermal/kinetic performance of hydrogen storage are highlighted.This review concludes with an outlook and prospects on the challenge of designing Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by controlling the hydrogen storage phase and the corresponding interface.