自然资源要素综合观测站网建设模式探讨

Discussion on the construction mode of a comprehensive natural resource observation station network

遵循“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”理念,建设自然资源要素综合观测站网,系统获取长期、连续、多尺度、多要素的自然资源观测数据,为自然资源“两统一”管理、国土空间规划和生态保护修复提供科学支撑。本文概述了国内外典型观测站网建设现状;简述了自然资源要素综合观测站网基本定位、建设原则、架构设计、建设目标及重要进展;探讨了“空白添建,自建为主”“高位嫁接,融合共建”“需求牵引,政府支持”“成果转化,企业参与”和“调查-监测-观测一体化”5种建站模式,重点介绍了在青藏高原、黄河流域、黑河流域、塔里木河流域等重要生态功能区的示范成果,并针对如何贯彻“绿色”和“共享”新发展理念提出了新时期观测站建设的思考及建议。

Following the concept of “mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-sands system is a life community”,building a comprehensive natural resource observation station network to obtain systematically long-term, continuous, multiscale and multi-element natural resource observation data can provide scientific support for the “two unifications ”management of natural resources, being land spatial planning and ecological protection and restoration. This paper summarizes the present status of typical observation station network construction in China and abroad. The basic positioning,construction principles, architecture design, construction objectives and essential progress of the observation station networks are briefly described. Five construction modes are discussed: building stations in open plots(mainly by self-construction),integration and co-construction, demand traction and government support, achievement transformation and enterprise participation, and investigation-monitoring-observation integration. The preliminary results of important ecologically functional areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yellow River Basin, the Heihe River Basin, and the Tarim River Basin are mainly introduced, and some thoughts and suggestions on how to implement the new “green ” and “sharing ”development concepts in the new period are put forward.