我国自然资源综合调查监测发展历程、问题与建议

Development history,problems,and suggestions for the comprehensive surveyance and monitoring of natural resources in China

长期以来,我国土地、林业、草原、水等各类自然资源分属不同部门调查和管理,由各部门独立开展自然资源调查监测工作,一直存在调查结果相互矛盾、自然资源家底不清、自然资源管理困难等问题,影响我国自然资源科学调查、有效管理和合理利用。本研究应用文献梳理和实地调研方法,回顾我国自然资源调查发展历程,梳理和分析当前我国自然资源调查现状和问题,并提出我国自然资源综合调查监测能力提升的对策。本研究认为当前自然资源综合调查存在自然资源调查对象不清、职责划定不明,调查技术方法难统一,调查标准体系未建立,调查队伍整合不到位等问题。建议将来进一步明确自然资源管理需求、构建服务于自然资源管理的分类体系,促进自然资源调查技术融合、构建自然资源综合调查技术体系,理清基础调查与专项调查逻辑关系、构建自然资源综合调查标准体系,明晰自然资源部的职责分工、建立自然资源综合调查的协作体系,整合调查队伍、建立自然资源综合调查监测组织队伍体系,进而为提升自然资源现代化治理能力和水平提供技术支撑和理论依据。

For a long time,China’s land,forestry,grasslands,water,and other natural resources have been independently investigated,monitored,and managed by different departments.This has resulted in contradictory investigation results,uncertainty in and difficult management of natural resources,and other problems,which all affect the scientific investigation,effective management,and rational use of the natural resources in China.This study applies literature analysis and field research methods to review the history,analyze the status and problems,and propose countermeasures to improve the capacity of comprehensive natural resource surveys in China.The study aims to provide insights for improving the comprehensive survey system for natural resources in China.The results reveal the problems in the current integrated natural resource survey,including unclear management of natural resources and delineation of responsibilities,difficulty in unifying survey techniques and methods,no basis for an investigation standard system,and a lack of integration of survey teams.The results suggest that it is necessary to clarify the management needs for natural resources,build a classification system to serve natural resources management,promote the integration of natural resource survey techniques,build a technical system for integrated natural resource surveys,clarify the logical relationship between basic and special investigations for natural resources and build a standardized system,specify the division of responsibilities of the Ministry of Natural Resources,establish a collaborative mechanism for integrated natural resource surveying,integrate natural resource survey teams,and finally,establish an organizational team for integrated natural resource survey monitoring.This will provide the technical support and theoretical basis needed for improving the ability and extent of the modern management of natural resources.