3006例急性下呼吸道感染儿童病原体分布特征

Distribution characteristics of pathogens in 3006 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection

目的分析儿童急性下呼吸道感染病原体的分布情况,为临床用药提供参考。方法选取2021年1月至12月于南充市中心医院儿科治疗的3006例急性下呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象,回顾性分析临床病原学检测结果。结果3006例患儿中整体检出率以鼻病毒最高。冬季以呼吸道合胞病毒、乙型流感病毒的检出率最高,春季以鼻病毒和偏肺病毒的检出率最高(P<0.05)。呼吸道合胞病毒在婴儿的检出率最高,偏肺病毒在幼儿的检出率最高,乙型流感病毒、腺病毒在学龄儿童的检出率最高(P<0.05)。冬季以非典型病原体的总检出率最高(P<0.05),肺炎支原体在夏季,且在学龄儿童中的检出率最高(P<0.05)。衣原体在婴儿中的检出率最高(P<0.05)。结论3006例急性下呼吸道感染患儿中鼻病毒是首要的病毒病原体,学龄儿童以肺炎支原体感染为主。

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection and provide reference for clinical medication.Methods A total of 3006 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics of Nanchong Central Hospital from January to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects,and the clinical pathogenic test results were analyzed retrospectively.Results The detection rate of rhinovirus was the highest among 3006 cases.The detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza B virus was the highest in winter,and that of rhinovirus and metapneumovirus was the highest in spring(P<0.05).The detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus in infants was the highest,the detection rate of metapneumonic virus in children was the highest,and the detection rate of influenza B virus and adenovirus in school-age children was the highest(P<0.05).In winter,the total detection rate of atypical pathogens was the highest(P<0.05),while the detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the highest among school-age children(P<0.05).The detection rate of chlamydia was the highest in infants(P<0.05).Conclusion Among 3006 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection,rhinovirus is the primary viral pathogen,and Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the main pathogen in school-age children.