不同播期对食用向日葵产量及主要性状的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Yield and Agronomic Characters of Edible Sunflower

为了研究不同播期对食用向日葵的影响,为酒泉及同类地区食用向日葵栽培技术的制定提供科学依据,以食用向日葵新品种酒葵130为指示品种,采用随机区组设计,研究了7个播种期对生育期、出苗率、单株产量、单盘粒数、百粒重、产量等的影响。结果表明,4月21日播种的食用向日葵产量最高,折合4266.9 kg/hm^(2)。其次是4月14日播种处理,折合产量4187.5 kg/hm^(2);4月28日播种处理的折合产量为4062.5 kg/hm^(2)。综合分析,在酒泉市及同类地区食用向日葵最佳播种时间为4月14—28日,这一时间段播种的食用向日葵生育期适中、出苗率均在94%以上,单株产量、单盘粒数、百粒重等性状均优于其他播期,播种时间太早或者太晚均对食用向日葵的出苗和产量有直接影响。

In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on edible sunflower production and to provide scientific references for edible sunflower cultivation technology in Jiuquan and other areas with similar conditions,Jiukui 130 was taken as the material and randomized block design was applied to study effects of 7 different sowing dates on growth period,emergence rate,yield per plant,number of seeds per plate,hundred-seed weight and yield.Results showed that peak yield i.e.,4266.9 kg/ha,was detected when planted on April 21st,followed by treatment of April 14th(4187.5 kg/ha)and April 28th(4062.5 kg/ha).Comprehensively speaking,the optimum sowing date in Jiuquan and other areas with similar conditions was betweem April 14th to April 28th,during which the growth period of edible sunflower was ideal,and the emergency rate was above 94%,whereas other indexes such as yield per plant,number of seeds per plate,hundred-seed weight were all superior compared with thoses in other sowing dates.Earlier or later than the optimum sowing dates proposed above would have directly negative effects on emergence rate and yield of sunflowers in study area.