解淀粉芽孢杆菌及其在防控花生黄曲霉毒素污染中的应用

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B53 and Its Application on Control of Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut

本研究自全国不同产区的花生荚果上分离到细菌菌株680株。离体试验表明,66%以上的细菌菌株对黄曲霉具有抑制作用,且抑制作用最高可达90%以上;活体试验发现,拮抗菌对黄曲霉及其毒素污染有较强的抑制效果,对黄曲霉的抑制作用达73.1%~88.5%,对黄曲霉毒素污染的抑毒率达72.6%~80.8%,其中解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株B53抑毒率和防效最高,分别达到88.5%和80.8%。田间试验结果显示,拮抗菌对花生上黄曲霉及其毒素污染均有显著的抑制作用,且促生作用明显,其中菌株B53效果最高,抑毒率和促生率分别达到80.5%和9.5%,其次为B84和B102,分别达到76.3%、71.3%和4.5%、6.2%,生防潜力巨大。拮抗菌代谢物对黄曲霉具有较强抑制作用,其中菌株B53代谢物抑菌作用最强,培养液、上清液和蛋白粗提物抑菌率分别可达95.8%、95.5%和90.2%。另外,拮抗菌B53在花生根部的定殖能力和存活力较高,且能够显著影响根际微生物的种群区系,提升作物对逆境胁迫的抵抗能力。

In this study, 680 bacterial strains were isolated from peanut pods of different producing areas in China. In vitro experiments results showed that 66% of bacterial strains had antagonistic effect on Aspergillus aflavus, and the antagonistic effect was up to 90%. In vivo experiments, the antagonists showed strong inhibition against Aspergillus aflavus and aflatoxin contamination, with the inhibitory effect of 73.1%-88.5% against aflatoxin and the inhibitory rate of 72.6%-80.8% against aflatoxin contamination. The inhibitory rate of aflatoxin and inhibitory effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain B53 were the highest, reaching 88.5%-80.8%, respectively. The results of field experiments showed that the antagonists had significant inhibitory effect on Aspergillus aflavus and aflatoxin contamination of peanut, and had obvious growth promotion effect. Among them, strain B53 had the highest inhibitory and growth promotion rate of 80.5% and 9.5%, followed by strain B84 and strain B102, which were 76.3%, 71.3% and 4.5%, 6.2%, respectively, and has great potential of biological control. The antagonistic antimicrobial metabolites had strong inhibitory effect on Aspergillus aflavus, and the metabolites of strain B53 had the strongest inhibitory effect, with the inhibition rates of nutrient solution, supernatant and crude protein extract as 95.8%, 95.5% and 90.2%, respectively. In addition, antagonist B53 had high colonization ability and survival activity in peanut roots, which could significantly affect rhizosphere microbial population and flora, and improve the resistance ability of crops to adversity stress.