高油酸与非高油酸花生中锈赤扁谷盗的存活力比较研究

Viability Comparison on Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in High Oleic and Non-High Oleic Peanuts

掌握害虫在储藏物环境的感染发生、存活危害等知识是昆虫生态学的重要内容,也是科学防治害虫的基础,锈赤扁谷盗在储藏花生中偶有发生但缺少其适应程度的研究。在高油酸花生2个品种豫花99号(油酸含量76.71%,下同)、冀花11号(80.50%)和非高油酸花生3个品种豫花22号(35.87%)、天府3号(42.02%)、豫航花1号(55.24%)分别为破损籽仁、去衣籽仁、带衣籽仁、破损荚果和完整荚果的不同物料状态下,观测了锈赤扁谷盗成虫在其中的存活时间、存活率、产卵时间、幼虫存活时间及其龄数。在2种高油酸花生中,破损籽仁中锈赤扁谷盗成虫最多存活48 d(存活率从100%降至0%),半数存活时间ST_(50)值分别为25和23 d;相应品种的去衣籽仁中锈赤扁谷盗成虫可存活44 d,其ST_(50)值为23和20 d;带衣籽仁中可存活40 d, ST_(50)值为19和16 d;破损荚果中可存活28 d, ST_(50)值为13和11 d;完整荚果中最多存活5 d, ST_(50)值均只有2 d。高油酸花生中未见锈赤扁谷盗成虫产卵,更无其幼虫出现,锈赤扁谷盗在高油酸花生中难以正常存活。在3种非高油酸花生中,破损籽仁中锈赤扁谷盗成虫最多可存活56 d, ST_(50)值分别为37、32和31 d;相应品种的去衣籽仁中成虫可存活52 d,其ST_(50)值为34、32和30 d;带衣籽仁中成虫可存活48 d, ST_(50)值为30、27和23 d;破损荚果中成虫可存活36 d, ST_(50)值为20、18和16 d;相应完整荚果中均可存活6 d, ST_(50)值为2和3 d。非高油酸籽仁中锈赤扁谷盗成虫可存活较长时间,期间可产卵,卵能发育至4龄幼虫,幼虫存活期内可为害非高油酸花生。锈赤扁谷盗在高油酸花生中的存活力显著低于在非高油酸花生中的存活力。

It is an important part of insect ecology to master the knowledge of insect pest infestation, development, survival, and damage in product storing environment, and it is also the scientific basis for the pest management. The survival duration, survival rate, egg-laying time, survival time and instar of larvae was determined after adult infestation of Cryptolestes ferrugineus in two cultivars of high oleic peanuts that included Yuhua99(the oleic acid content is 76.71%, same as below) as well as Jihua11(80.50%), and three cultivars of non-high oleic peanuts that included Yuhua22(35.87%), Tianfu3(42.02%) as well as Yuhanghua1(55.24%). The test material states of all five peanut cultivars involved broken kernels, peeled kernels, coated kernels, cracked pods, and intact pods. In the damaged kernels of two high oleic acid cultivars, the adults of C. ferrugineus survived up to 48 d(survival rate decreased from 100% to 0%), and the half survival time(ST_(50)) was 25 and 23 d, respectively. The adults in peeled kernels of the above cultivars survived for 44 d, and the ST_(50)value was 23 and 20 d, respectively. The adults in coated kernels survived for 40 d, and the ST_(50)value was 19 and 16 d, respectively. The adults in cracked pods survived for 28 d with ST_(50)of 13 and 11 d, respectively. The adults in intact pods just survived for 5 d, and the ST_(50)value was 2 d only. In two cultivars of high oleic acid peanuts, the adults did not lay any eggs and developed any larvae. The insect did not survive normally in high oleic acid peanuts. In the damaged kernels of the three cultivars of non-high oleic peanuts, the longest survival time of C. ferrugineus adult was 56 d, and ST_(50)value was 37, 32 and 31 d, respectively. The adult survival time in above cultivars was 52 d in the peeled kernels with ST_(50)value of 34, 32, and 30 d, respectively. The survival time was 48 d in the coated kernels and with ST_(50)value of 30, 27, and 23 d, respectively. In the cracked pods the adults can survive for 36 d, and the ST_(50)value were 20, 18, and 16 d, respectively. In the intact pods, the adults could only survive for 6 d, and the ST_(50)value was only 3 d, respectively. The adults in the three cultivars of non-high oleic acid peanut kernels could survive for many days and lay eggs. And then the eggs could develop to the 4th instar larvae that could feed and damage on non-high oleic acid peanuts. The survival activity of Cryptolestes ferrugineus in high oleic acid peanuts is significantly less than that in non-high oleic acid peanuts.