黄腐酸通过调控花生根系形态及活力促进幼苗生长

Fulvic Acid Promotes Seedling Growth by Regulating Root Morphology and Activity of Peanut

在水培条件下,利用黄腐酸溶液与氮肥营养液交替培养的方式,研究不同浓度黄腐酸对花生幼苗生长及氮素利用的调控,为黄腐酸促进花生对氮肥的高效利用及绿色可持续发展提供理论支持。以山花9号花生品种为材料,设0 mg/L(CK)、50 mg/L(T1)、100 mg/L(T2)、150 mg/L(T3)、200 mg/L(T4)5个黄腐酸浓度梯度,在处理16 d和24 d时取样测定花生的农艺性状、植株干物质积累量、SPAD值、根系活力、根系形态参数。结果表明:黄腐酸显著影响花生幼苗根形态参数和根系活力,T2、T3、T4处理总根长、根表面积、根尖数均显著高于CK处理,T3、T4处理根体积显著高于CK处理。T3处理有最大的根系活力,与CK处理间差异显著。黄腐酸可以提高花生幼苗的氮素累积量和干物质积累量,与CK相比,处理16 d与处理24 d时花生幼苗的氮素累积量分别增加了7.9%~36.1%和11.1%~27.5%,干物质量分别增加了5.8%~32.6%和14.9%~39.5%。T3、T4处理的总氮累积量和总干质量显著高于CK处理,T2、T3、T4处理间差异不显著。使用黄腐酸可提高花生幼苗叶片的SPAD值,促进花生幼苗的生长。T2、T3、T4处理的主茎高显著高于CK、T1处理,T3、T4处理的侧枝长显著高于CK、T1、T2处理。相关分析表明,花生幼苗氮素累积量与花生幼苗的总根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根系活力均呈显著正相关。综上,黄腐酸溶液可优化花生幼苗根系形态,提高根系活力,从而促进花生对氮素的吸收利用,增加植株氮素累积量,促进花生幼苗生长,进而提高植株总干物质积累量。水培条件下最佳的黄腐酸浓度为100~150 mg/L。

Under hydroponic condition, the regulation of different concentrations of fulvic acid on peanut seedling growth and nitrogen utilization was studied by alternate culture of fulvic acid solution and nitrogen nutrient solution, which provided theoretical support for fulvic acid to promote efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and green sustainable development of peanut. In this experiment, Shanhua9, one of the mainly planted peanut varieties in northern China, was selected as the material, and five fulvic acid concentration gradients of 0 mg/L(CK), 50 mg/L(T1), 100 mg/L(T2), 150 mg/L(T3) and 200 mg/L(T4) were set up. The agronomic traits, plant dry matter accumulation, SPAD value, root activity and root morphological parameters of peanut were measured at 16 and 24 days after treatment. Results showed: Fulvic acid significantly affected the root morphological parameters and root activity of peanut seedlings. The total root length, root surface area and root tip number of T2, T3 and T4 treatments were significantly higher than those of CK treatment, and the root volume of T3 and T4 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK treatment. T3 treatment had the largest root activity, which was significantly different from CK treatment. Fulvic acid can increase the nitrogen accumulation and dry matter accumulation of peanut seedlings. Compared with CK, the nitrogen accumulation of peanut seedlings increased by 7.9%-36.1% and 11.1%-27.5%, and the dry matter mass increased by 5.8%-32.6% and 14.9%-39.5% at 16 and 24 days after treatment, respectively. The total nitrogen accumulation and total dry mass of T3 and T4 treatments were significantly higher than those of CK treatment, and there was no significant difference between T2, T3 and T4 treatments. Using fulvic acid can increase SPAD value of peanut seedling leaves and promote the growth of peanut seedlings. The main stem height of T2, T3 and T4 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK and T1 treatments, and the lateral branch length of T3 and T4 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK, T1 and T2 treatments. Correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen accumulation of peanut seedlings was significantly positively correlated with the total root length, root surface area, root volume, root tip number and root activity of peanut seedlings. In summary, fulvic acid solution can optimize the root morphology of peanut seedlings, improve root activity, thereby promote the peanut uptake and utilization of nitrogen, increase plant nitrogen accumulation, promote peanut seedling growth, and so that increase the totaldry matter accumulation of plant. The best fulvic acid concentration was 100-150 mg/L under hydroponic condition.