不同覆盖模式雷竹林地下茎芽库、生物量和出笋数量特征(英文)

Characteristics of Rhizome Bud Bank,Rhizome Biomass and Shoot Quantity under Different Mulching Modes of Phyllostachys praecox ’Prevernalis’

为创新雷竹林覆盖栽培模式,有效调控竹子地下茎更新,促进竹林可持续经营,比较传统覆盖栽培模式(TM)和间隔覆盖栽培模式(SM)竹林地下茎芽库、生物量和出笋数量特征,探究不同覆盖经营模式对竹林地下茎更新和生长的影响。结果表明:SM芽库总量均在470×10^(4)ind.·hm^(-2)以上,显著高于TM4和TM5(P<0.05);竹林芽库相对减少率TS1 (TM1 vs SM1)和TS2 (TM2 vs SM2)变化幅度较小,TS3 (TM3 vs SM3)和TS4 (TM4 vs SM4)增大至10%~20%,TS4和TS5 (TM5 vs SM5)增大至20%~40%;SM地下茎生物量整体高于TM,TM9以后地下茎生物量陡然减小(P<0.05),SM变化则相对缓慢;竹林地下茎生物量相对减少率TS1和TS3不到5%,TS4和TS5陡然增大,其中竹鞭生物量相对减少率TS5超过20%,鞭根生物量相对减少率TS5超过15%;SM、TM竹林出笋重量和出笋数量随覆盖时间延长均呈下降趋势,竹林出笋重量和出笋数量相对减少率均不足2%,相互间无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究发现,间隔覆盖竹林地下茎芽库、生物量与竹笋生产力相对高于传统覆盖竹林,间隔覆盖模式不仅能够维持竹林地下茎芽库、生物量,有利于竹林种群更新,还能够维持一定的竹笋生产力。

The objective of this study was to innovate the mulching cultivation mode of Phyllostachys praecox Z. D. Chu et C. S. Chao ‘Prevernalis’ plantation, effectively regulate the renewal of bamboo rhizome, and promote the sustainable management of bamboo forest. We compared the characteristics of rhizome bud bank, rhizome biomass, and quantity of sprouting shoots under traditional mulching(TM) and spaced mulching(SM) modes. The results showed that the total number of bud bank under SM was more than 470×10~4 individuals·hm^(-2), significantly higher than those under TM modes in 4-year(TM4) and 5-year(TM5) treatments(P<0.05). The relative reduction rate of bamboo bud banks of TM vs SM in TS1(1-year TM vs 1-year SM) and TS2(2-year TM vs 2-year SM) increased by 10%^(-2)0% in TS3(3-year TM vs 3-year SM) and TS4(4-year TM vs 4-year SM), and by 20%-40% in TS4 and TS5(5-year TM vs 5-year SM). The overall rhizome biomass under SM was higher than that under TM. The rhizome biomass under TM decreased sharply after 3 years of TM(TM3)(P<0.05), whereas this change under SM was relatively slight. The relative reduction rate of bamboo rhizome biomass in TS1 and TS3 was less than 5%, and increased abruptly in TS4 and by more than 20% in TS5. The relative reduction rate of rhizome root biomass in TS5 was more than 15%. The shoot weight and shoot number under SM and TM decreased with increasing mulching period;the relative reduction rates of shoot weight and shoot number were less than 2% and not significantly different among treatments(P>0.05). The rhizome bud bank, rhizome biomass, and bamboo shoot productivity of bamboo stands under SM were higher than those under TM. Therefore, the spaced mulching mode not only maintained the rhizome bud bank and biomass of the bamboo forest, which is conducive to population renewal of the bamboo forest, but also maintained a certain level of bamboo shoot productivity.