燃料电池中铁基氧还原催化剂的研究进展

Research progress of iron-based oxygen reduction catalysts in fuel cells

阴极氧还原反应是燃料电池的核心反应之一。目前,用于氧还原反应的催化剂通常是铂基催化剂,普遍存在成本高、对甲醇耐受性差、易CO中毒等缺点,因此,开展非贵金属催化剂的研究显得尤为重要。铁基催化剂因催化活性好、稳定性高、甲醇耐受性好、价格低廉等而备受青睐,最有希望成为铂基催化剂的替代品。该文主要综述了铁基氧还原催化剂,包括含铁化合物催化剂、铁单原子催化剂、铁基合金催化剂、铁基复合物催化剂及其他铁基催化剂的研究现状、催化机理及活性影响因素,并在此基础上阐述了各类催化剂尚待解决的问题和发展方向。

At present,platinum based catalysts are the most commonly used for the cathode oxygen reduction reaction,one of the core reactions in fuel cells.However,the shortcomings of the platinum based catalysts,such as high cost,poor tolerance to methanol and easy carbon monoxide poisoning,seriously limit its large-scale applications,which makes development of non-platinum-based catalysts essential.Iron-based catalysts are considered the most promising alternatives to platinum-based catalysts due to their excellent catalytic activity,high stability,good methanol tolerance,and low price.In this review,the research status,catalytic mechanism,and activity influencing factors of different iron-based oxygen reduction catalysts were discussed.In the end,the existing problems and future development directions of various catalysts were proposed.