县域流域生态补偿绩效评价研究——以中国东江源区安远县为例

Performance Evaluation of Ecological Compensation at the County Level:A Case Study of Anyuan County in Dongjiangyuan Watershed,China

流域生态补偿是保护生态环境的重要手段,也是中国生态文明建设的重要内容,可促进区域可持续协调发展,提升上游地区生态环境优势,为上游地区生态旅游高质量发展奠定基础。正确评价生态补偿效果和效率是优化和完善生态补偿制度的前提。为了评价流域生态补偿的效果和效率,本研究以中国跨省流域生态补偿试点区域东江源流域的重要源区县安远县为案例地,建立评价指标体系,并采用熵值法和数据包络法构建流域生态补偿效果和效率评价模型,选取2015–2020年的生态补偿各指标数据进行效果和效率评价,同时构建计量模型分析其驱动因素。结果显示:流域生态补偿效果总体看呈现上升趋势;纯技术效率较低是造成综合效率不高的主要原因,需要提升生态补偿项目的管理效率,规模效率总体表现较好,但仍存在资金冗余问题;生态补偿支出对生态补偿效率有显著负相关影响,生态旅游对生态补偿效果和效率有显著正相关影响。研究结果可为提升流域生态补偿效果和效率提供科学依据和理论参考。

Watershed ecological compensation is an important means to protect the ecological environment and an important part of China’s ecological civilization construction.It can promote the sustainable and coordinated development of a region,enhance the advantages of the ecological environment in the upstream area,and lay the foundation for the high-quality development of ecological tourism in the upstream area.The accurate evaluation of the effect and efficiency of ecological compensation is a prerequisite for optimizing and perfecting the ecological compensation system.In order to evaluate the effect and efficiency of watershed ecological compensation,this paper used the case study area of Anyuan County,an important ecological area of the Dongjiangyuan watershed in the pilot area of China’s interprovincial watershed ecological compensation.This paper established an evaluation index system,used the entropy method and the data envelopment analysis(DEA)method to construct a watershed ecological compensation effect and efficiency evaluation model,and selected the ecological compensation index data from 2015 to 2020 to evaluate the effect and efficiency.This paper also constructed an econometric model to analyze their driving factors.The results showed that the effect of watershed ecological compensation was generally on the rise.Low pure technical efficiency(PTE)was the main reason for low comprehensive efficiency(CE),and the management efficiency of ecological compensation projects needs to be improved.The overall performance of scale efficiency(SE)was good,but there was still a problem of capital redundancy.Ecological compensation expenditure had a significant negative impact on the efficiency of ecological compensation,and ecotourism had a significant positive impact on the effect and efficiency of the ecological compensation.The results of this study can provide a scientific basis and theoretical reference for improving the effect and efficiency of watershed ecological compensation schemes.