空间-社会-历史视角下绿色空间与老年心理健康的关系探究

The Associations of Green Spaces with Older Adults’Mental Health in Perspective of Spatiality,Sociality and Historicality

健康公平性理论要求在发挥绿色空间健康效益时能够兼顾老年等弱势群体。绿色空间指标与老年心理健康在国内背景下的综合性联系至今还不明晰。本研究旨在从空间、社会和历史的角度系统地评估它们的关联。研究采用了中国大连市879名60岁以上受访者的数据,并在HLM6.08中构建多层线性模型进行分析。结果表明,在空间维度上,相比于街景视角,从俯视视角获取的绿色空间指标与老年心理健康的关联更强。平缓坡度和不规则边界的公园与老年心理健康有积极的联系。在社会维度上,绿色空间可以调整和缓冲社会经济特征如没有房屋所有权等的负面影响。在历史维度上,绿色空间对老年心理健康有持续的影响,尤其是对中等收入的老年群体。研究结果证实,在中国的环境中有必要对绿色空间进行多维度的评估,以考察与老年心理健康的关系。结论能够为兼顾个体差异,实现更公平的城市绿色空间资源分配提供经验证据。

The theory of health fairness requires that improving the benefits of green spaces on health should take into account the characteristics of vulnerable groups such as older adults.Until now,the comprehensive associations of green spaces metrics with older adults’mental health are unclear in China.This study aimed to systematically assess their associations from the perspective of spatiality,sociality and historicality.Data of 879 respondents aged 60 or older in Dalian,China were used,and multilevel linear models were conducted in HLM6.08.Results indicated that in the spatial dimension,green spaces metrics derived from overhead view had a stronger association with older adults’mental health than from street view.The park with gentle slopes and irregular boundaries was more positively related to older adults’mental health.In the social dimension,green spaces could adjust and buffer the negative effects of socio-demographic characteristics such as having no homeownership.In the historical dimension,green spaces had a lasting effect on older adults’mental health,especially for the group of middle income.Our findings confirm the necessity of multidimensional assessments for green spaces to examine associations with older adults’mental health in Chinese settings.The results can provide empirical evidence for realizing fairer allocation of urban green spaces resources taking into account individual differences.