陕西洋县绿豆梁旧石器遗址出土的石制品

Paleolithic artifacts excavated from the Lyudouliang site at Yangxian County,Shaanxi Province

洋县绿豆梁遗址位于汉水北部一级支流金水河左岸的第四级阶地上。为了配合国家重点工程项目——南水北调西线“引汉济渭”工程的建设,2014~2015年对该地点进行了发掘,揭露面积126 m^(2),出土和采集不同类型的石制品656件。研究显示,早期人类加工石制品的原料来自于河漫滩或阶地古老砾石层中的砾石,岩性包括石英、石英岩、硅质灰岩、石英砂岩、花岗岩等。硬锤打击法是最主要的剥片方式。石制品包含石锤、石核、石片、石器、断块和碎屑等类型。遗址石器组合中既包括刮削器、尖状器、石钻等尺寸较小的轻型石器,也包含重型刮削器、砍砸器等重型石器。通过与位于相同阶地部位、相距2 km的金水河口遗址的测年数据和地层堆积序列对比,绿豆梁遗址的年代属于中更新世时期或更早的时段。

Lyudouliang site is located on the fourth terrace of the Jinshui River,a left tributary on the north side of the Hanjiang River in Yangxian County,the Qinling Mountains region,central China.In order to cooperate with the national key construction project "Hanjiang River to Weihe River Water Diversion Project",a systematic archaeological excavation was carried out from2014 to 2015.A total of 626 lithic artifacts were yielded within an exposed area of 126 m^(2),and another 30 lithic artifacts found in the surrounding area of the site.Lithic analysis shows that early hominin used local fluvial cobbles/pebbles for knapping artifacts.Quartz and quartzite were the most frequently used raw materials,followed by siliceous limestone,quartzite sandstone,and granite.The principal flake knapping method is hard hammer percussion.The lithic assemblage consists of hammer stones,cores,flakes,retouched tools,chunks and debris.The retouched tools are comprised of small tools made of flakes and chunks(i.e.scrapers,borer),and heavy-duty tools(i.e.choppers,heavy-duty scrapers).Based on the dating results and stratigraphic correlation with the Jinshuihekou site located at the same terrace,the age of the Lyudouliang site is constrained to the Middle Pleistocene.It reveals that the open-air sites in the Hanzhong Basin show the similar type and technology features of the lithic assemblage.The small tools predominate in the tool assemblage until the middle and late Middle Pleistocene to the early Late Pleistocene.