数字标准的地缘政治论析——基于大国竞争的视角

Geopolitical Analysis of Digital Standards——From the Perspective of Great Power Competition

在万物互联的数字时代,大国竞争对传统的经济和技术领域构成了越来越强烈的冲击。传统上由专家和技术人员主导的国际技术标准的制定,被赋予了越来越浓厚的国家色彩。尤其是在代表着未来技术和经济发展方向的数字技术和数字经济领域,技术标准包括技术产品运行规则的地缘政治化呈不断加剧的趋势。数字技术标准的制定能够赋予标准制定者经济竞争力、地缘政治与安全、价值观念等领域的优势,而与数字技术相关的新一代移动通信、人工智能、物联网、无人驾驶等产业的技术标准基本上还处于“待开发”状态,使得这一领域成为主要数字大国竞争的重要场域。国际技术标准的发展历史表明,技术设计最好、协作性最强、市场接受度最高的数字技术标准才是最成功的标准,须从地缘政治回归数字技术本身与全球数字治理。

In the digital era of Internet of everything, the competition among great powers poses an increasingly strong impact on the traditional economic and technological fields. The development of international technical standards, traditionally dominated by experts and technicians, has been given increasingly strong national features. Especially in the field of digital technology and the digital economy, which signify the future direction of technological and economic development, there is a growing trend of geopoliticization of technical standards, including the rules of operation of technical products. The development of digital technology standards can give standard-setters advantages in economic competitiveness, geopolitics and security, and values. The technical standards for the new generation of mobile communications, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and driverless industries related to digital technology are basically in a state of "to be developed", making this field an important arena for competition among major digital powers. The history of international technology standards shows that the digital technology standards with the best technical design, strongest collaboration and highest market acceptance are the most successful ones, and calls for the return from geopolitics to digital technology itself and global digital governance.