中国新石器时代彩绘陶初论

Preliminary Discussion of Neolithic Painted Pottery in China

制陶工艺中,烧制之前的器物可称为坯体,烧制以后的器物称为陶器。彩绘陶是烧成后再施以彩绘的陶器,彩陶则是烧成前先在坯体上绘彩的陶器[1]。准确区分这两类器物需要自然科学手段,但目前这类研究较少。在更多的实践中,人们主要依据颜料与陶器的结合程度、彩绘的保存状况等,通过肉眼观察、触摸来区分。因为是烧后绘彩,所以彩绘陶上的颜料附着性差,极易脱落,有些彩绘出土时已斑驳不清。

Chinese painted pottery probably originated during the early Neolithic and developed in the middle through the fi rst half of the late Neolithic.It fl ourished between 6000-5000 BP,its distributional center first in the middle and lower Yangtze River and Haidai regions,thereafter the middle Yellow River,reaching its zenith in the Taosi culture.Painted pottery underwent a transformation from“non-ritual vessels”to“ritual vessels.”Some regional painted pottery traditions emerged independently or as a continuation of local tradition,some through factors such as cultural infl uences from other regions.