云南生物多样性法治保护的困境与路径优化

The Dilemma and Path Optimization of the Legal Protection of Biodiversity in Yunnan

对生物多样性法治保护应着眼于基因多样性、物种多样性与生态系统多样性三个维度。在法规制定方面,云南省制定了全国首部“指引型”保护条例,进而建成“指引型条例+种类型条例+区域型条例”三位一体的综合立法体系。通过对纲要的落实,云南省形成“三屏两带一区多点”的生态保护格局以及“一湖一条例”的立法保护格局。对于生物多样性法治保护,目前存在保护手段缺乏灵活性、立法框架缺乏体系性、对基因与物种数据的保护缺乏强制性等问题。对此,可提供以下解决路径:一是提高保护手段的灵活性,形成“因地制宜”的立法思路;二是加强立法框架的体系性,完善“圈化保护”的立法框架;三是增强数据保护的强制性,实现“库化保护”的基础布局。

The legal protection of biodiversity should focus on three dimensions: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. In the aspect of making laws and regulations, Yunnan enacted the country’s first “guiding-type” protection regulations, and thus established a comprehensive legislation system of “guiding-type regulations + various types of regulations + regional regulations” in a trinity. Through the implementation of the program, Yunnan has formed an ecological protection pattern of “three protective barrier, two belts, one area and many points” and a legislative protection pattern of “one lake and one regulation”. For the legal protection of biodiversity, there are some problems, such as the lack of flexibility of protection means, the lack of systematization of legislative framework, and the lack of mandatory protection of gene and species data. To solve this problem, the following solutions can be provided: first, improve the flexibility of protection means, and form the legislative idea of “adapting to local conditions”;Second, strengthen the systematization of the legislative framework and perfect the legislative framework of “circle protection”;The third is to strengthen the mandatory data protection, to achieve the basic layout of “database protection”.