种植密度和灌溉量对西辽河平原春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Planting Density and Irrigation Amount on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize in the West Liaohe Plain

在内蒙古通辽市辽河镇浅埋滴灌水肥一体化条件下,以DK159为研究对象,设置6.0万株/hm^(2)(D1,CK,农民常规种植密度)和9.0万株/hm^(2)(D2)两种种植密度处理和45 mm(I45)、90 mm(I90)、180 mm(I180)、270 mm(I270)、360 mm(I360)、450 mm(I450,CK,农民常规灌溉量)6个灌溉量水平,研究种植密度和灌溉量对玉米产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,9.0万株/hm^(2)密度下在360 mm的灌溉量下获得最高产量和较高的WUE;6.0万株/hm2密度下在270 mm的灌溉量下获得最高产量和较高WUE。与传统生产方式(D1-I450处理)相比,D1-I270处理的产量无显著降低,灌溉量降低40.0%,蒸散量减少19.7%,WUE提高25.1%;D2-I360较传统生产方式(D1-I450处理)相比,产量增加20.5%,蒸散量减少7.9%,WUE提高30.9%。在滴灌水肥一体化条件下,适当增加种植密度可以显著提高玉米的产量和水分生产效率。

Under the integration of water and fertilizer under shallow subsurface drip irrigation in Liaohe town,Tongliao city,Inner Mongolia,DK159 was taken as the research subject and 60000 plants/ha(D1,CK,Farmers'con⁃ventional planting density)and 90000 plants/ha(D2)and 45 mm(I45),90 mm(I90),180 mm(I180),270 mm(I270),360 mm(I360),450 mm(I450,CK),the effects of planting density and irrigation amount on maize yield and water use efficiency(WUE)were studied at 6 irrigation levels.The results showed that under the irrigation amount of 360 mm,the high⁃est yield and the higher WUE were obtained.The highest yield and the higher WUE were obtained from 60000 plants/ha under 270 mm irrigation.Compared with conventional treatment(D1-I450),the yield of treatment of D1-I270 was not significantly decreased,while the irrigation amount was decreased by 40.0%,evapotranspiration was de⁃creased by 19.7%,and WUE was increased by 25.1%.Compared with the traditional production method(D1-I450),treatment of D2-I360 can increase the yield by 20.5%,reduce evapotranspiration by 7.9%and increase WUE by 30.9%.To conclusion,under the condition of water and fertilizer integration under drip irrigation,increasing plant⁃ing density can significantly improve maize yield and water production efficiency.