玉米穗腐病真菌毒素污染抗性遗传研究进展

Advances on Inheritance of Ear Rot and Mycotoxin Contamination Resistance in Maize

玉米穗腐病的发生及其真菌毒素污染严重影响玉米产量与品质,威胁人畜健康。玉米对穗腐病及其真菌毒素抗性都是由多基因控制的复杂数量性状,受环境影响极大。简要介绍玉米穗腐病的发生与分布特点,重点总结玉米穗腐病主要真菌毒素类型及危害、玉米穗腐病主要真菌毒素抗性遗传、抗性基因以及全基因组选择在穗腐病抗性育种中的应用等方面的研究进展,分析该领域目前存在的主要问题及挑战,提出未来在该研究领域可能的方向和突破点,为玉米穗腐病的防治及真菌毒素污染的防控提供理论依据。

Maize ear rot reduces yield and quality of the grain greatly.The contamination of the grain with my⁃cotoxins produced by the ear rot fungal pathogens is hazardous to humans and animals.Resistance to maize ear rot and mycotoxin contamination has shown to be complex quantitative traits,which are controlled by several genes of small effects and greatly affected by the environment.This review briefly introduced the occurrence and distribution of maize ear rot and summarized the main mycotoxins produced by different causal fungi.Recent advances in locat⁃ing quantitative trait loci and candidate genes on the maize genome associated with mycotoxin resistance was also presented.Application of genomic selection in resistance breeding against ear rot and mycotoxin contamination was reviewed.In addition,the challenges and solutions for gene identification and resistance breeding was discussed.The aim of this study was to provide theoretical guidance for prevention and control of ear rot and mycotoxin contam⁃ination in maize.