碳中和背景下中日韩清洁能源合作嬗变

The Evolution of China-Japan-ROK Clean Energy Cooperation in the Context of Carbon Neutrality

中国、日本、韩国作为东北亚地区的核心大国分别提出了到本世纪中叶实现碳中和的目标,并制定了各自的清洁能源发展与绿色产业经济振兴的国家战略,这为三国清洁能源合作与区域能源转型提供了重要契机。中日韩在环境保护与绿色能源领域有着长达三十余年的合作基础,其过程呈现出“多层多元并进”和“新多边共治”的演进路径特点。但目前东北亚清洁能源互动呈现出日益复杂化的态势,体现为政治互信缺乏与区域能源机制建设滞后并存、高碳能源路径依赖与区域绿色竞争并存、域外国家干预与新能源地缘风险攀升并存的复合性挑战。在绿色竞合背景下,中国应发挥作为全球清洁能源生产大国的结构性优势,以碳中和态势为契机从机制创新、竞争管理、区域凝合和张力缓释等维度推进区域包容性、务实性和可持续性的清洁能源合作,从而在东亚区域能源治理新秩序建构中发挥积极能动性角色。

China,Japan,and Republic of Korea,the three major powers in Northeast Asia,have respectively promised carbon neutrality by mid-21century and formulated a variety of national strategies for the development of clean energy and the revitalization of the green economy,which provides important opportunities for clean energy cooperation among the three countries and the transformation of regional energy governance.China,Japan,and Republic of Korea have cooperated in the field of environmental protection and green energy for more than 30 years,and the evolution of clean energy cooperation among the three countries presents characteristics of"multi-level and diversified development"and"new multilateral co-governance".However,clean energy cooperation in Northeast Asia is becoming increasingly complex,which is reflected in the lack of political mutual trust and lag of regional energy mechanism construction,dependence on high-carbon path and regional competition on green industry,extra-territorial interventions from major powers and new geopolitical risks caused by energy transformation.Under the background of green competition and cooperation,China should exert its structural advantages as the world’s major producer of clean energy,take the trend of carbon neutrality as an opportunity and promote inclusive,pragmatic,and sustainable regional clean energy cooperation from mechanism innovation,competition management,regional cohesion,and tension mitigation,so as to play an active role in the construction of a new order of regional energy governance in Northeast Asia.