单分子尺度下的免疫调控和干预策略

Single-Molecule View of the Strategy for Immunological Regulation

癌症免疫疗法通过提高患者自身免疫力来识别和杀伤肿瘤目标,涉及到免疫T细胞和其他细胞之间(肿瘤或抗原呈递细胞)的直接相互作用。受周围微观环境热涨落的影响,精准探测这种力学信号是免疫疗法面临的重要挑战。单分子技术具备高时空分辨的优势,能够克服环境热涨落的影响,通过实时测量单个生物大分子的时空位置、结构转变、能量交换和信息流动等定量参数来刻画生物大分子的动力学行为。将单分子技术应用到免疫疗法相关的研究中,精准测量免疫疗法涉及的受体—配体的力学相互作用和自身动态结构,将为免疫疗法的发展提供单分子尺度的思考和见解,实现物理学和免疫学的交叉融合发展。

Immunotherapy for cancer targets and kills tumors via enhancing the immunity of individual patients,where the treatment effects can be significantly regulated by the interactions between T cells and targeted cells such as tumors or antigen-presenting cells.Due to the ubiquitous thermal fluctuations of the microenvironments around cells,precise measurements of the mechanistic information remain challenging.Single-molecule techniques possessing high temporal-spatial resolutions can overcome these thermal fluctuations and aim to describe the dynamics of biological molecules via monitoring their temporal-spatial distributions,structural transition,energy exchange and information transmission.Application of single-molecule techniques in studying receptor-ligand interactions and related structural transitions involved in immunotherapy may provide ideas and comments from a single-molecule view and shed light on the cross-development of physics and immunology.