复合基质添加腐熟小麦秸秆对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

Effects of adding rotted wheat straw to composite substrate on the growth of cucumber seedlings

为了研究添加腐熟小麦秸秆的复合基质对黄瓜育苗效果的影响,将腐熟小麦秸秆、椰糠、蛭石以不同比例进行复配得到6种基质,以椰糠∶蛭石=5∶5(体积比)为对照,以‘津早198黄瓜’为试材,通过分析幼苗表型性状、生物量积累、生理指标,采用主成分分析法进行综合评价,筛选出适宜的复合基质配方。结果表明:添加腐熟小麦秸秆显著提高黄瓜幼苗的生长,但不同添加量间差异明显,表现为低添加量优于中、高添加量。其中,T6(腐熟小麦秸秆∶椰糠∶蛭石=1∶3∶5)处理黄瓜幼苗的出苗率最高,达到98.67%,比对照高4.77%;茎粗、下胚轴长、最大根长等表型性状表现最优;生物量积累最高,壮苗指数最高,达到0.15,较对照高出50%;叶绿素值、根系活力、叶片可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖显著高于对照,分别提高了6.68%、41.70%、6.69%、15.38%,蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶、硝酸还原酶活性显著优于其他处理;各处理不同评价指标的综合排序为T6>T5>T3>T4>T2>T1>CK。综上所述,T6(腐熟小麦秸秆∶椰糠∶蛭石=1∶3∶5)处理显著促进黄瓜幼苗生长,可作为黄瓜穴盘育苗的最佳基质配方。

In order to study the effect of the composite substrate added with decomposed wheat straw on cucumber seedling cultivation,six kinds of substrate were obtained by compounding decomposed wheat straw,coconut bran and vermiculite in different proportions,with coconut bran∶vermiculite=5∶5(volume ratio)as the control and Jinzao 198 cucumber as the test material.By analyzing the phenotypic traits,biomass accumulation and physiological indexes of seedlings,and using principal component analysis for comprehensive evaluation,a suitable compound substrate formula was screened out.The results showed that:adding decomposed wheat straw was beneficial to the growth of cucumber seedlings,and low addition amount was better than medium and high addition amount.The seedling emergence rate of cucumber seedlings treated with T6(decomposed wheat straw∶coconut bran∶vermiculite=1∶3∶5)was the highest,reaching 98.67%,which was 4.77%higher than that of the CK;the phenotypic traits such as stem diameter,hypocotyl length and maximum root length were the best;the biomass accumulation was the highest,and the seedling strength index was the highest,reached 0.15 and were 50%higher than control;Chlorophyll value,root activity,leaf soluble protein,and soluble sugar content were significantly higher than those of the CK,It increased by 6.68%,41.70%,6.69%and 15.38%respectively,and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase,sucrose synthase,and nitrate reductase were significantly better than those of other treatments.The comprehensive ranking of different evaluation indicators for each treatment is:T6>T5>T3>T4>T2>T1>CK.In conclusion,T6(decomposed wheat straw∶coconut bran∶vermiculite=1∶3∶5)treatment significantly promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings,and could be used as the best substrate formula for cucumber plug seedlings.This paper provides a theoretical reference for the use of rotted wheat straw in vegetable seedlings,thereby reducing the cost of factory seedlings and improving the quality of seedlings.