中国服务贸易壁垒的测度及其决定因素研究

Research on the Measurement and Determinants of China’s Barriers to Trade in Services

文章基于中国《外商投资产业指导目录》测度了“商业存在”形式的中国服务贸易壁垒指标,发现1995~2021年间中国服务贸易壁垒在总体上经历了先上升后下降的趋势,此外,不同行业之间的限制程度差别较大。从贸易的政治经济学视角对中国服务贸易壁垒决定因素的计量回归分析表明,就业占比越低、国有化程度越高、FDI比重越高、贸易竞争力越低、进口渗透率越高、劳动生产率越高的服务行业的贸易保护水平越高。这是政府对服务经济与服务贸易产业政策战略考量与不同服务行业差别性利益反映的综合结果。文章对合理设定中国服务贸易保护水平、逐步降低服务贸易壁垒、提高服务贸易竞争力具有参考意义。

Based on China’s“Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment”,this paper measures China’s barriers to trade in services in the form of commercial presence.It is found that China’s barriers to trade in services experienced an overall trend of rising first and then declining from 1995 to 2021 and the degree of restriction varies greatly among different industries.The econometric regression analysis of the determinants of China’s barriers to trade in services from the perspective of political economics of trade shows that trade protection level of service industries with the lower proportion of employment,the higher degree of nationalization,the higher proportion of FDI,the lower trade competitiveness,the higher import penetration rate and the higher labor productivity will be higher.This is the comprehensive result of the government’s strategic consideration of service economy and industrial policies of trade in services as well as the reflection of the differential interests of different service industries.The paper is of reference significance to reasonably set the protection level of China’s trade in services,gradually reduce the barriers to trade in services and improve the competitiveness of trade in services.