日本看护援助专业人员对我国养老顾问制度的经验与启示

Experience and enlightenment of Japanese care manager on China’s elderly care consultant

“介护支援专业人员”是日本的法定职业,“介护”即为“看护”、“支援”意为“援助”,因此中文可译为“看护援助专业人员”,这一职位在介护行业具有重要地位。与我国养老顾问制度相比,二者在促进养老服务的供需对接、整合零散的养老服务资源并为老年人提供建议的功能方面有共通之处,但日本这一制度创始时间更早、发展更为规范和完善,对我国养老顾问制度具有一定的借鉴意义。本文先描述日本介护支援专业人员制度的做法,再分析上海三个行政区养老顾问的焦点小组访谈资料,通过比较介护支援专业人员的实践经验,提出鼓励多元主体参与建设专职养老顾问队伍,完善培训体系,建立准入机制、规范评价标准,落实岗位补贴、赋能晋升评优,深化有温度的人民城市等本土化服务理念的参考建议。

Nursing support professionals is a legal position in Japan.Nursing means care and support means assistance,so it can be translated to care assistance professionals in Chinese.This position plays an important role in care insurance industry.Compared with China’s elderly care consultant institution,these two have some functions in common in connecting supply and demand of elderly care services,integrating scattered service resources and providing suggestions for the elderly.However,this institution in Japan was founded earlier and developed better,which has certain reference significance for China.This paper first describes the practice of Japanese care manager,then analyzes the focus group interviews in three districts of Shanghai.Through comparison of Japanese care manager practical experience,this paper suggests to encourage multiple subjects to build full-time consultant team,improve training system,establish access mechanism,standardize evaluation criteria,implement post subsidies,promote elderly cadres and deepen‘warm people’s city’local concept of service.