核桃采收机械的研究现状及发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Walnut Harvesting Machinery

由于核桃树高度较高、采摘难度较大,人工采摘机械化程度低、人工收获效率低、劳动强度大、人力成本高,且对人体劳动损伤大。基于此,本研究通过对国内外核桃采摘机械的发展研究现状进行分析,阐述了机械臂式、振动冲击式、平台式和拍打式4种典型的核桃机械采收方式,梳理了这4种核桃机械采收方式的不足之处:目前使用的机械臂式采收装置作业效率较低;振动冲击式机械装置的振幅不易控制,振幅较大容易损伤核桃树,振幅较小不易摇下核桃,并且振摇装置会随发动机的运行而振动摇摆,既浪费资源,又不安全;平台式和拍打式机械的半自动化作业又缺少一种完备的收集装置来解决核桃掉落之后的收集问题。针对我国核桃采摘机械未来的研究重点,本研究设想了一种偏心式捡拾机构,该机构可以在核桃自然或人工干预掉落后完成核桃的捡拾作业,并可以保证核桃的品质。

Due to the high height of walnut trees, the difficulty of picking, the low mechanization of manual picking, the low efficiency of manual harvesting, the high labor intensity, the high labor cost and the great damage to human labor. Based on this,the research group analyzes the development and research status of walnut harvesting machinery at home and abroad, expounds four typical walnut mechanical harvesting methods: mechanical arm type, vibration impact type, platform type and beating type.The disadvantages of the four mechanical harvesting methods are summarized as follows: the operating efficiency of the currently used mechanical arm type harvesting device is low;the vibration and impact mechanical device’s amplitude is difficult to control,the larger amplitude is easy to damage the walnut tree, the smaller amplitude is not easy to shake down the walnut, and the vibration and swing device will vibrate with the operation of the engine, which is not only a waste of resources, but also unsafe;the semi-automatic operation of platform-type and flapping machinery also lacks a complete collection device to solve the problem of collecting walnuts after falling. In view of the future research focus of the walnut picking machinery in China, the research group envisages an eccentric pickup mechanism, which can complete the walnut picking operation after the walnut falls naturally or manually, and can ensure the quality of the walnut.