卡夫卡小说《审判》中的黑色幽默

Black Humor in Kafka's Novel The Trial

卡夫卡的小说《审判》讲述的是主人公约瑟夫•K无缘无故被捕又不明不白被处死的离奇经历,其表现充满着荒诞和悖谬的色彩,处处彰显出黑色幽默的精神,凸显了恐怖与滑稽相互交融的艺术特点。卡夫卡对悲剧材料进行异乎寻常的处理,通过荒诞的场域设置,“反英雄”式的人物以及“反小说”的叙事结构,昭示出现代西方社会人们的生存困境,是对资本主义社会法律的嘲讽和抨击。资本主义社会的法律是一股威胁人类生存的异己力量,人类沦为法权制度下非人格化的工具,其内在动机已经无足轻重,最终都会被外在的法律机器所控制并碾得粉碎。

Kafka's novel The Trial tells the strange experience of the protagonist Joseph K being arrested and executed without any reason.It's full of absurdity and perversity,showing the spirit of black humor everywhere,highlighting the artistic characteristic of mixing horror and funniness.Kafka treats the tragic materials extraordinarily,and reveals to us the plight of human survival in modern western society through absurd field settings,"anti-hero"characters,and"anti-novel"narrative structures,which is a satire and attack on the laws of capitalist society.Law is an alien force that threatens the existence of man.Man is reduced to an impersonal instrument of the legal system.His intrinsic motives becoming unimportant,he will be ultimately controlled and crushed by the external legal machine.