一种综合的精神诠释学何以可能?——以中国人文学中的“感应论”为中心

How Is a Comprehensive Spiritual Hermeneutics Possible?:Centering on the“Theory of the Interaction between Heaven and Human”in Chinese Humanities

诠释学理论的研究离不开人文科学的视野。对于以探讨“精神”问题为依归的“精神诠释学”来说,它同样脱离不开作为“精神人文学”的研究视野,即以“天人感应”作为它诠释“性与天道”的诠释学基本原理。以“天人感应”为中心,精神诠释学以“道—言—智—境”的方式展开其诠释学思想观念的行程。这方面,中国哲学积累和总结了丰富的诠释学思想与实践经验。“道—言—智—境”不仅是中国哲学诠释学特有的诠释学运思逻辑,它还具有先验的普遍性,同样可以用来观察与透视以基督教神学诠释学为代表的西方精神诠释学类型。中国精神诠释学采取的是“由圣而神”的诠释学思想路线,而西方基督教神学诠释学走的是“由神而圣”的诠释学研究进路。虽然这两种诠释学的理论出发点与诠释思路不同,但这不妨碍它们都是将作为宇宙之最高终极存在的“神圣精神”作为自己诠释的最高目标。从而,中西两大精神诠释学传统终在诠释学的“终点”和“登顶处”相通与相逢。

The study of hermeneutics is inseparable from the perspective of humanities.For the“spiritual hermeneutics”,which probes into the issue of“spirit”,it is also inseparable from the perspective of“spiritual humanities”,that is,taking the theory of the“interaction between Heaven and human”as the basic hermeneutic principle to explain“human nature and the Dao of Heaven”.With the“interaction between Heaven and human”as the center,the spiritual hermeneutics develops its hermeneutic ideas in the way of the“Dao-speech-wisdom-realm”.In this respect,Chinese philosophy has accumulated and summed up rich hermeneutic ideas and practical experience.The“Dao-speech-wisdom-realm”not only constitutes the unique hermeneutic logic of Chinese philosophical hermeneutics,but also has the transcendental universality so that it can be used to observe and examine the types of Western spiritual hermeneutics represented by Christian theological hermeneutics.The approach of Chinese spiritual hermeneutics is characterized by“from the sage to the holy”,while that of Western Christian theological hermeneutics by“from the holy to the sage”.The fact that these two types of hermeneutics have different theoretical starting points and hermeneutic approaches does not prevent them from taking the“holy spirit”of the highest and ultimate being of the universe as the final goal of interpretation.Thus,Chinese and Western spiritual hermeneutics traditions will finally meet and communicate with each other in the“end”and“summit”of hermeneutics.