分异到融通:清代河湟地区土地垦殖变迁与民族融合

From Differentiation to Integration: Land Reclamation andEthnic Integration in Hehuang Area in Qing Dynasty

地处青藏高原东北部的河湟地区,历来是边地游牧文化和中原农耕文化的交汇地带,虽然早在西汉时期就开始了官方的屯田活动,且历代也进行分官设治,可管辖的实际效果并不理想,直到清代,河湟地区才“由边郡化内郡”。河湟内属的历史进程是由多方面因素共同促成的,尤其是土地垦殖的变迁促进了民族融合,少数民族主动开垦土地,发展农业,逐步打破了山脚河谷农业、山坡牧业的二分经济格局,同汉族形成了共通的生活习俗、生产模式和地域文化认同,呈现了中华民族共同体形成的微观缩影,是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的成功实践。

Hehuang region,located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,has always been the intersection of the nomadic culture in the border areas and the farming culture in the Central Plains.Although the official land reclamation activities began as early as the Western Han Dynasty,and the administrative divisions were also conducted in the past dynasties,the actual effect of the jurisdiction was not ideal.Until the Qing Dynasty,Hehuang region was transformed“from a border land into an inner one”.The historical process of Hehuang’s ethnic integration was jointly promoted by many factors,especially the change of land reclamation and cultivation.The ethnic minorities took the initiative to reclaim land and develop agriculture,gradually breaking the dichotomous economic pattern of agriculture at the foot of the mountain and valley and animal husbandry on the hillside,forming common life customs,production patterns and regional cultural identity with the Han people,presenting a microcosm of the formation of the Chinese national community,a practice of building the consciousness of community for the Chinese nation.