气凝胶隔热材料在空间探测领域研究与应用进展

Research and Application Progress of Aerogel Insulation Materials in the Field of Space Exploration

气凝胶材料具有纳米颗粒组成的骨架结构,形成独特的纳米尺度孔洞,密度和热导率极低,可以节省航天器空间和质量资源,是空间探测领域极端低温和高温温度环境(-230~1800℃)下优选的隔热保温材料。本文详细综述了气凝胶材料在国内外航天器中装置隔热、空间电源保温、低温储箱保温以及星际宇航服等领域应用进展,并对气凝胶在空间探测中的未来发展进行了展望。

Aerogel materials have unique nano-scale holes and nano-particle skeleton structure,extremely low density and thermal conductivity,which can save space and weight resources of spacecraft.It is the optimal thermal insulation material in the field of space exploration under extreme low and high temperature environment(-230~1800℃).In this paper,the application progress of aerogel materials in the fields of device heat insulation,space power supply insulation,cryogenic storage box insulation and interstellar spacesuits in spacecraft at home and abroad is reviewed in detail,and the future development of aerogel in space exploration is prospected.