完全线上教学在中国医学本科教育中应用效果的系统评价

Systematic review of application effect of complete online teaching in undergraduate medical education in China

目的系统评价国内医学本科教育中完全应用线上教学的教学效果。方法计算机检索2020年1月—2022年11月中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库等中文数据库中有关完全线上教学在国内医学本科教学中应用的随机对照研究或类实验性研究。对纳入文献进行全面质量评价,提取数据后进行Meta分析。对于因研究对象和数据类型不同,存在明显异质性,无法进行Meta分析的指标,则采用描述性分析。结果最终纳入23个类实验性研究,共4406人为研究对象。Meta分析结果显示:完全线上教学和线下教学在理论考核成绩[SMD=0.349,P=0.083]、实践考核成绩[SMD=-0.175,P=0.690]和学生对教学内容的评价[SMD=0.982,P=0.231]方面差异无统计学意义;完全线上教学在学习兴趣的提升方面优于线下教学[SMD=0.738,P=0.018];学生对授课方式的满意度评价无法进行Meta分析,描述性分析显示各项研究的结果均不相同。结论医学本科教育从线下教学突然转换到完全线上教学,对教学效果没有产生明显影响,可作为特殊时期(比如重大突发公共卫生事件等)的暂代教学方法。线上教学作为未来教学的重要组成部分,需要更充分的准备和建设,以获得更好的教学效果。

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of complete online teaching in the undergraduate medical education in China.Methods Randomized controlled trial and quasi experi-mental studies on complete online teaching in domestic medical undergraduate teaching were searched in CKNI,WanFang Data and VIP database from January 2020 to November 2022.Comprehensive quality of the included literature was assessed,and Meta analysis was made after the data was extracted.For those indexes which cannot by analyzed by Meta analysis due to obvious heterogeneity generated by different research objects and data categories,descriptive analysis was adopted.Results 23 quasi experimental studies were included,and 4406 people were included as the research objects.Meta analysis indicated that no significant differences existed in theoretical score[SMD=0.349,P=0.083],practical test score[SMD=-0.175,P=0.690]and students evaluation of teaching content[SMD=0.982,P=0.231]between complete online teaching and traditional teaching.Complete online teaching was superior to traditional teaching in terms of improving learning interest[SMD=0.738,P=0.018].Students satisfaction with teaching method cannot be put into Meta analysis,and the descriptive research showed that studies had different results.Conclusion Sudden shift from traditional offline teaching towards complete online teaching in undergraduate medical education in China does not affect the teaching effect.Online teaching can be used as a temporary alternative teaching method in the special period,such as major public health emergency.As an important part of future teaching,online teaching requires more adequate preparation and construction to obtain better teaching effect.