积极促进理念下失业保险法律制度转型的逻辑与路径

The Logic and Path of Reforming Unemployment Insurance Under the Concept of Activation

在劳动力市场变革背景下,传统的失业保险制度已难以发挥其本体功能。从西方主要福利国家看,失业风险治理理念正逐渐从消极保障转变为积极促进,并进一步主导其社会保障制度改革。具体而言,积极促进理念以其能力赋予面向和要求面向形塑了社会保障与劳动力市场之间的联系,强化了促进就业的基本目的。以积极促进理念检视我国当前的失业保险制度,还存在着局限的差序治理体制、失衡的失业保险给付、虚化的寻职义务规定和不足的制度联结等规范缺陷。作为应对,需以权利与义务相平衡为基本原则并对制度本身进行改革,包括重塑以失业风险高低为核心的治理体制、均衡失业保险给付、实质化寻职义务规定和补足制度联结。

Through the labor market has undergone important changes,the traditional Unemployment Insurance(UI)is seriously dysfunctional.In major Western welfare countries,the idea of unemployment risk management has experienced a turn from passive to activation,and further leading the reform of social protection systems.The activation,via developing and strengthening the link between social security and the labor market with the enabling and demanding schemes,is intended to promote employment.Unfortunately,when we examine China􀆳s UI under the concept of activation,there are still some failures including limited differential order governance,disequilibrium unemployment benefits,virtual job search regulations and insufficient institutional connection.In response,a set of new reforms are proposed rest on the basic principle of balancing rights and duties,such as reshaping the governance system according to unemployment risk,rationalizing unemployment benefits,substantial job search obligation,and complementing the institutional connection.