聚氨酯的回收

Progress in polyurethane recycling

聚氨酯(PU)作为世界上第六大常用的聚合物,在家具、建筑、汽车、航空航天和医疗健康等领域广泛应用。随着石油资源的枯竭、生态环境的恶化,聚氨酯的回收成为亟待解决的重要问题。填埋法作为最原始的回收方法,不仅占用土地,污染水土资源,且回收成本耗费大量人力物力;焚烧回收热量,也是回收聚氨酯材料的常用手段,但聚氨酯在焚烧过程中,极易产生有毒有害物质;物理回收,在实际回收工作中有大规模应用,但回收过程中需要较高的温度压力条件,导致此种回收方式存在较大限制。目前,大量研究表明,化学回收是最具前景的聚氨酯材料回收手段。本文详细论述了包括醇解、水解、氨解、热解、磷酸解和生物降解等在内的多种化学回收工艺,及其最新的研究进展。

Polyurethane(PU),as the sixth most commonly used polymer in the world,is widely used in the fields of furniture,architecture,automotive,aerospace and medical health.With the depletion of petroleum resources and the deterioration of ecological environment,the recycling of polyurethane has become an important problem to be solved urgently.As the most primitive recycling method,the way of landfill not only occupies land and pollutes water and soil resources,but also consumes a lot of manpower and material resources in the cost of recycling.Incineration to recover heat is also a common method for recycling polyurethane materials,but polyurethane is very easy to produce toxic and harmful substances during the incineration process.Physical recycling has large-scale application in actual recycling work,but it requires the condition of high temperature and pressure during the recycling process,which results in great restrictions on this recycling method.At present,a large number of studies have shown that chemical recycling is the most promising means of polyurethane material recycling.In this paper,a variety of chemical recycling processes including alcoholysis,hydrolysis,aminolysis,pyrolysis,phosphorylation and biodegradation,as well as the latest research progress were discussed in details.