6种处理剂对苹果树剪锯口的保护效果及对愈伤和萌芽的影响

Effects of Six Wound Treatment Agents on Protection,Callus and Budding of Apple Pruning Wounds

剪锯口是苹果树腐烂病、轮纹病等枝干病菌的重要侵染孔口,用剪锯口处理剂保护剪锯口是防治苹果枝干病害的重要技术措施。通过涂布新形成的剪锯口和形成后人工接种病菌的剪锯口,评测了6种剪锯口处理剂对剪锯口的保护效果及对剪锯口愈伤和萌芽的影响。结果表明,坪安愈美、艾涂、绿材、糊涂、施奇和人造树皮6种处理剂,对刚侵入剪锯口的腐烂病菌和轮纹病菌都有铲除效果,其中人造树皮对两种病菌的铲除率分别为99%和80%,显著高于其他处理剂;绿材和糊涂能延缓剪锯口的愈伤形成,涂布14 d后两种处理剂涂布剪口愈伤指数比对照分别低50%和38%;坪安愈美和人造树皮能抑制剪锯口下方枝段萌芽,涂布42 d后两种处理剂涂布剪口的萌芽率比对照低58%和67%;与对照相比,6种处理剂对剪锯口愈伤组织厚度、皮层枯死长度和真菌定殖率都没有显著影响。所测试的6种剪锯口处理剂都存在一定缺陷,但都能在剪锯口表面形成牢固的保护膜层,保护剪锯口以防止病菌侵染,其中人造树皮的保护性能更为优异。

Pruning wound is an important infestation entrance of apple branch diseases,such as valsa canker and botryosphaeria canker.Protecting the pruning wound with protective agents is an important technical measure to control apple branch diseases.By coating the newly formed pruning wounds and the artificial pruning wounds inoculated with pathogens,the effects of six pruning wound treatment agents on protecting pruning wounds,on callus formation,and new bud production were tested.The results showed that Ping-an-yu-mei,Ai-tu,Lv-cai,Hu-tu,Shi-qi,and Ren-zao-shu-pi could eradicate the newly infected pathogen of Valsa mali and Botryosphaeria dothidea in the pruning wounds.The percents eradication of Ren-zao-shu-pi to V.mali and B.dothidea were 99%and 80%,respectively,which significantly higher than those of the other treatment agents.Lv-cai and Hu-tu delayed the formation of the callus in the pruning wounds,and the callus formation rate indexes of the two agents were 50%and 38%14 days after coating,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the control.Ping-an-yu-mei and Ren-zao-shu-pi inhibited the branches below under the pruning wound treatment from producing new buds,and the percentages of the formation of new buds on the pruning wound coated with the two agents were 58%and 67%42 days after coating,respectively,which was significantly lower than that of the control.The six agents did not show significant affection on callus thickness,cortical dead length,and fungal colonization rate.All six pruning wound treatment agents tested had certain disadvantages,but all could form a firm protective film layer on the surface of the pruning wounds and protect the pruning wounds to prevent infection by pathogens.Among them,the protective effect of Ren-zao-shu-pi was more excellent.