语境影响反语理解的眼动研究元分析

A Meta-Analysis of Eye Movement Studies on the Effects of Context on Irony Comprehension

运用元分析的方法考察语境在反语理解中的作用及其相关的调节因素。通过文献检索,共搜集了13篇有效文献,16项实验数据,包含了806名被试。结果发现:(1)在反语理解正确率指标上反语明显比字面语更难理解,语境与目标反语不一致会产生额外推理过程,导致反语理解相对困难。(2)目标区反语和字面语在第一遍阅读时间指标上没有差异,但是在回视路径阅读时间和总阅读时间指标上反语的加工时间显著更长,这表明语境在反语加工的后期产生了作用,读者需要在加工后期对反语进行重新分析和整合,这一结果基本符合模块化理论的预测。(3)熟悉性对目标区的第一遍阅读时间和总阅读时间产生了调节作用,表明不管语境强度如何,熟悉的意义首先被加工,这一结果与分级显著性假设的预测基本一致。

This study used the method of meta-analysis to explore the role of context in the understanding of irony and the relevant moderating factor. Through articles retrieval, 13 valid articles and 16 experimental data were collected, including 806 subjects. The results showed that: 1) The meta-analysis of the correct rate of irony understanding showed that irony was significantly more difficult to understand than literal language and the extra inference process caused by context inconsistency led to the relative difficulty of irony understanding. 2) The target ironic sentences had no difference from the literal sentences in first-pass reading time, while the processing time of irony was significantly longer in regression path reading time and total reading time, which indicated that context worked in the later processing of irony, readers need to reanalyze and integrate in the later processing. This result was in line with the prediction of modular accounts. 3) Familiarity moderated the first-pass reading time and the total reading time of the target region,indicating that the meaning of familiarity was processed first regardless of the intensity of the context, which was consistent with the prediction of the graded salience hypothesis.