社会价值取向与损失情境对不同时间压力下双人社会困境中合作行为的影响

The Influence of Social Value Orientation and Loss Context on Cooperation in Social Dilemmas Under Different Time Pressure

为揭示双人社会困境中合作行为的影响因素,选取四种不同类型的双人社会困境,采用实验法考察社会价值取向与损失情境对不同时间压力下合作行为的影响。结果显示,亲社会个体的合作率显著高于亲自我个体的合作率,收益情境下的合作率显著高于损失情境下的合作率,在社会困境中双方冲突程度越大合作率越低;此外,高时间压力提升了亲自我个体在囚徒困境以及收益情境下信任困境中的合作率,同时降低了亲自我个体在损失情境下最大差异困境中的合作率。结果表明,社会价值取向、收益损失情境以及困境冲突程度均对合作行为的发生具有影响作用,而时间压力对合作行为的作用也同样受到三者的影响。这些发现能够为合作行为自动性的理论分歧提供新的证据。

To reveal influencing factors of cooperative behavior in two-person social dilemmas, this study explored the impact of social value orientation and loss context on cooperative behavior under different time pressure, by using four different types of two-person social dilemmas. Results showed that the cooperation rate of the pro-social was significantly higher than that of the pro-self, and participants cooperated more in the gain context than in the loss context. Besides, with the increase of conflict level of social dilemmas, the cooperation rate decreased. Additionally, high time pressure increased the cooperation rate of the pro-self in the prisoner’s dilemma and trust dilemma(in the gain context) but reduced the cooperation rate of the pro-self in the assurance dilemma(in the loss context). These results indicate that cooperative behavior is influenced by participants’ social value orientation, the loss context, and the conflict degree of social dilemmas;and the effect of time pressure on cooperative behavior is also affected by these three factors. These findings provide new evidence for the argument that cooperative behavior in social dilemmas is an intuitive response.