马鞍山市近30年大雾的特征分析

Characteristics of Heavy Fog in Ma’anshan City in Recent 30 Years

通过对马鞍山市近30年来(1991—2020年)大雾观测资料的统计分析,研究马鞍山市大雾的年、月、日变化特征及其消散时间,为气象部门预报和交通部门道路预警提供参考。结果显示:马鞍山市区大雾日数多于其他县区,同时表现出明显的年际变化;在2016年之后,年雾日数整体呈上升趋势;马鞍山市大雾具有明显的季节变化特征,大部分发生在冬半年;马鞍山地区大雾大都集中发生在夜间(20:00~08:00),约占1991—2020年所有大雾次数的81.2%,14:00后大雾出现的概率较小;马鞍山市境内冬季大雾消散时间最晚,平均在10:00左右,甚至经常出现持续一整天的大雾天气,夏季大雾消散时间最早,平均在08:00左右。

Ma’anshan City, Anhui Province, was located in East China. With the acceleration of the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, the number of expressways and high-speed rail lines in the territory had increased rapidly, and the impact of fog on transportation had attracted more and more attention. Based on the statistical analysis of the heavy fog observation data in Ma’anshan City in the past 30 years(1991—2020), this paper studies the annual, monthly and daily variation characteristics and dissipation time of the heavy fog in Ma’anshan City, with a view to providing a reference for the forecast of the meteorological department and the road early warning of the traffic department.The results show that the number of heavy fog days in Ma’anshan urban area was more than that in other counties and districts, and there was an obvious inter annual change.After 2016, the number of annual fog days shows an overall upward trend. At the same time, the heavy fog in Ma’anshan City had obvious seasonal variation characteristics,most of which occur in the winter half year. Statistics show that most of the heavy fogs in Ma’anshan area occur at night(20:00~08:00), accounting for 81.2% of all the times of heavy fogs from 1991 to 2020.The probability of heavy fogs occurring after 14:00 was low. At the same time, the winter fog in Maanshan City dissipates at the latest,averaging around 10 o’clock, and often lasts a whole day. The summer fog dissipates at the earliest, averaging around 8 o’clock.